{"id":482,"date":"2018-05-30T16:12:00","date_gmt":"2018-05-30T16:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=482"},"modified":"2019-10-15T18:15:08","modified_gmt":"2019-10-15T09:15:08","slug":"photosynthetic-artificial-organelles-sustain-and-control-atp-dependent-reactions-in-a-protocellular-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=482","title":{"rendered":"Photosynthetic artificial organelles sustain and control ATP-dependent reactions in a protocellular system"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc11c\uac15\ub300 \uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc774 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \uc778\uacf5 \uc138\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c <em>Nature Biotechnology<\/em>\uc5d0 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ub0b4\uc168\uad70\uc694^^<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nbt%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+Biotechnology+-+Issue%29\">\uc6d0\ubb38<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>ABSTRCT<\/p>\n<p>Inside cells, complex metabolic reactions are distributed across the modular compartments of organelles<sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-1\" title=\"Purnick, P.E.M. &amp; Weiss, R. The second wave of synthetic biology: from modules to systems. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 410\u2013422 (2009).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140#ref1\" aria-label=\"Reference 1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\">1<\/a>,<a id=\"ref-link-abstract-2\" title=\"Adamala, K.P., Martin-Alarcon, D.A., Guthrie-Honea, K.R. &amp; Boyden, E.S. Engineering genetic circuit interactions within and between synthetic minimal cells. Nat. Chem. 9, 431\u2013439 (2017).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140#ref2\" aria-label=\"Reference 2\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Reactions in organelles have been recapitulated\u00a0<i>in vitro<\/i>\u00a0by reconstituting functional protein machineries into membrane systems<sup><a id=\"ref-link-abstract-3\" title=\"Liu, A.P. &amp; Fletcher, D.A. Biology under construction: in vitro reconstitution of cellular function. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 644\u2013650 (2009).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140#ref3\" aria-label=\"Reference 3\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\">3<\/a>,<a id=\"ref-link-abstract-4\" title=\"Rivas, G., Vogel, S.K. &amp; Schwille, P. Reconstitution of cytoskeletal protein assemblies for large-scale membrane transformation. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 22, 18\u201326 (2014).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140#ref4\" aria-label=\"Reference 4\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\">4<\/a>,<a id=\"ref-link-abstract-5\" title=\"Wang, L., Roth, J.S., Han, X. &amp; Evans, S.D. Photosynthetic proteins in supported lipid bilayers: towards a biokleptic approach for energy capture. Small 11, 3306\u20133318 (2015).\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nbt.4140#ref5\" aria-label=\"Reference 5\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"reference anchor\" data-track-label=\"link\">5<\/a><\/sup>. However, maintaining and controlling these reactions is challenging. Here we designed, built, and tested a switchable, light-harvesting organelle that provides both a sustainable energy source and a means of directing intravesicular reactions. An ATP (ATP) synthase and two photoconverters (plant-derived photosystem II and bacteria-derived proteorhodopsin) enable ATP synthesis. Independent optical activation of the two photoconverters allows dynamic control of ATP synthesis: red light facilitates and green light impedes ATP synthesis. We encapsulated the photosynthetic organelles in a giant vesicle to form a protocellular system and demonstrated optical control of two ATP-dependent reactions, carbon fixation and actin polymerization, with the latter altering outer vesicle morphology. Switchable photosynthetic organelles may enable the development of biomimetic vesicle systems with regulatory networks that exhibit homeostasis and complex cellular behaviors.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/news.naver.com\/main\/read.nhn?mode=LSD&#038;mid=sec&#038;oid=009&#038;aid=0004158697&#038;sid1=001&#038;lfrom=memo<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uad11\ud569\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec \uac1c\ubc1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/imgnews.naver.net\/image\/009\/2018\/05\/29\/0004158697_001_20180529025802774.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec \ubaa8\uc2b5<\/em><\/span>\uad6d\ub0b4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \uad6d\uc81c \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc81c\uc791\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uc11c\uac15\ub300 \ud654\ud559\uacf5\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc218\uc640 \ucf00\ube48 \ud30c\ucee4 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud558\ubc84\ub4dc\ub300 \uad50\uc218 \ub4f1 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud560 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud574 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\ud559\uc220\uc9c0 &#8216;\ub124\uc774\ucc98 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\ud14c\ud06c\ub180\ub85c\uc9c0&#8217; 28\uc77c\uc790(\ud604\uc9c0\uc2dc\uac04)\uc5d0 \uac8c\uc7ac\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc2dc\uae08\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744, \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uad11\uc804\ud658 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ucd94\ucd9c\ud55c \ub4a4 \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc7ac\uc870\ud569\ud574 \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\ubc1c\ub41c \uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \ube5b\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0dd\uccb4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0(<span class=\"word_dic en\">ATP<\/span>)\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc138\ud3ec\uc758 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uacfc \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec\uace8\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ube5b\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc751\ud574 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uad50\uc218\ub294 &#8220;\uc774\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4&#8221;\uba70 &#8220;\uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uadfc\uc811\ud55c \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uac83&#8221;\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \uc678\ubd80 \ube5b\uc774\ub098 \uc601\uc591\ubd84\uc744 \ud761\uc218\ud574 \uc131\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uc138\ud3ec \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub300\uc0ac\ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \ud761\uc218\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ud658\ud558\ub294 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubaa8\uc0ac\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 &#8216;\ubbf8\ud1a0\ucf58\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544&#8217;\ucc98\ub7fc \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ube5b\uc744 \ucabc\uc5ec\uc904 \uacbd\uc6b0\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">ATP<\/span>\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc678\ubd80\ud658\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucd5c\uc18c \ud55c\ub2ec\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc0ac\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \uad11\ud569\uc131\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uad50\uc218\ub294 &#8220;\uc9c4\ud654 \ucd08\uae30 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc778\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ub41c \uc138\ud3ec \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc9c4\ud654\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc778\uacf5\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc138\ud3ec\uc640 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c \uc0dd\ud654\ud559\u00b7\uc758\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uad50\uc218\ub294 &#8220;\uc138\ud3ec \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc758\ud559\uc801 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc774\ub098 \ub300\uc0ac\ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \ube44\uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ubc1d\ud600\ub0b4\ub294\ub370 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\uba70 &#8220;\ub610\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc800\ud558\ub41c \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ub300\uccb4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc131 \uc138\ud3ec\uc758 \uc81c\uc791\uacfc \uc778\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uc591\ub41c \uc7a5\uae30\uc640 \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83&#8221;\uc73c\ub85c \ub0b4\ub2e4\ubd24\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; \uc11c\uac15\ub300 \uc2e0\uad00\uc6b0 \uad50\uc218\ub2d8\uc774 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \uc778\uacf5 \uc138\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c Nature Biotechnology\uc5d0 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ub0b4\uc168\uad70\uc694^^ &nbsp; (\uc6d0\ubb38) &nbsp; &nbsp; ABSTRCT Inside cells, complex metabolic<a href=\"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=482\" class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[33,34,29,30],"tags":[7,8,3,4],"class_list":["post-482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-chemistry","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news","tag-do-biology","tag-lets-do-chemistry","tag-lets-do-science","tag-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":715,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=715","url_meta":{"origin":482,"position":0},"title":"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (youtube)","author":"biochemistry","date":"June 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 PCR \u00a0 https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?gl=KR&amp;hl=ko&amp;v=_YgXcJ4n-kQ or click here~ \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In &quot;'05. \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654' \uad00\ub828&quot;","block_context":{"text":"'05. \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654' \uad00\ub828","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=41"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/\/0.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":460,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=460","url_meta":{"origin":482,"position":1},"title":"\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uaf2d \uc54c\uc544\uc57c\ud560 \uc138\ud3ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec","author":"biochemistry","date":"May 30, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38: \uc5ec\uae30\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Biology!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODA1MThfMjQ4\/MDAxNTI2NjMzMDkxMTQ1.EjALYdwvtHn_p1AXx7oe-FEZpQ6teVovTiXhKIEWuWwg.0bptHz1L0-sYaaphzuXdF0yeE1NQnDUDzVL2aSbJlEIg.PNG\/1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODA1MThfMjQ4\/MDAxNTI2NjMzMDkxMTQ1.EjALYdwvtHn_p1AXx7oe-FEZpQ6teVovTiXhKIEWuWwg.0bptHz1L0-sYaaphzuXdF0yeE1NQnDUDzVL2aSbJlEIg.PNG\/1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODA1MThfMjQ4\/MDAxNTI2NjMzMDkxMTQ1.EjALYdwvtHn_p1AXx7oe-FEZpQ6teVovTiXhKIEWuWwg.0bptHz1L0-sYaaphzuXdF0yeE1NQnDUDzVL2aSbJlEIg.PNG\/1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODA1MThfMjQ4\/MDAxNTI2NjMzMDkxMTQ1.EjALYdwvtHn_p1AXx7oe-FEZpQ6teVovTiXhKIEWuWwg.0bptHz1L0-sYaaphzuXdF0yeE1NQnDUDzVL2aSbJlEIg.PNG\/1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":436,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=436","url_meta":{"origin":482,"position":2},"title":"GMO\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec (\uc720\ud29c\ube0c) &#038; 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