{"id":480,"date":"2018-05-30T16:10:36","date_gmt":"2018-05-30T16:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=480"},"modified":"2019-10-14T15:12:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-14T06:12:57","slug":"%eb%84%a4%ec%9d%b4%ec%b2%98%ec%9d%98-%eb%8f%8c%ec%a7%81%ea%b5%ac%ec%84%b1%ec%b2%b4%ec%a4%84%ea%b8%b0%ec%84%b8%ed%8f%ac-%ed%9a%a8%ea%b3%bc-%ea%b3%bc%eb%8c%80%ed%8f%ac%ec%9e%a5-%ec%95%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=480","title":{"rendered":"\ub124\uc774\ucc98\uc758 \ub3cc\uc9c1\uad6c\u2026\uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \ud6a8\uacfc \uacfc\ub300\ud3ec\uc7a5 \uc548\ub3fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

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(\uc6d0\ubb38<\/a>)<\/p>\n

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Stem-cell tests must show success<\/h1>\n

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Japan needs to demonstrate that a promising therapy for damaged hearts works as claimed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Researchers in Japan, led by cardiac surgeon Yoshiki Sawa (second from right) at Osaka University, are pushing ahead with a stem-cell therapy for damaged hearts.<\/span>Credit: Asahi Shimbun\/Getty<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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As we report in a\u00a0News story this week<\/a>, Japan is set to push ahead with a promising treatment for heart disease that relies on stem cells. It could soon be made available under a fast-track approval system that the country put in place in 2014. Designed to speed access to regenerative therapies, the law allows prospective treatments to be marketed and used as long as they have been proved to be safe. Only a suggestion of efficacy is required \u2014 with more-convincing data supposed to be gathered retrospectively from patients who have been given the approved treatment.<\/p>\n

The system has its critics \u2014\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/i>among them (see\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/i>528<\/b>, 163\u2013164; 2015<\/a>). The latest move adds further concerns.<\/p>\n

The therapy is the work of a physician who was also the first to take advantage of the new law with a related treatment: Osaka University cardiac surgeon Yoshiki Sawa. There is no suggestion that Sawa has not followed the rules, set out by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. He has. The issue is whether those rules are adequate and appropriate and have the welfare of patients at their heart. They do not. Treatments of no proven efficacy are being sold to patients (who effectively subsidize the clinical trials to test them). They receive no refund if the therapy is subsequently found not to work. Patients also take risks: they undergo immunosuppression and the surgery itself.<\/p>\n

The new study takes induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) that have been banked and characterized to ensure they are safe, and converts them to heart-muscle cells. These are then spread into a thin sheet that is attached to the weakened heart muscle. It is only the second clinical application of iPS cells and is generating excitement around the world. The problem is that the earlier treatment from Sawa \u2014 which is ongoing under the fast-track system \u2014 has yet to produce convincing results.<\/p>\n

In that treatment, approved in September 2015, patients received a sheet of muscle cells made from their own leg tissue, rather than from iPS cells. Called HeartSheet, the muscle sheet is attached to weakened heart muscle that has usually been damaged as a result of a heart attack or plaque build-up and is often the cause of heart failure. The scientists behind the treatment speculate that the muscle cells work by releasing growth factors, not by becoming supporting tissue themselves. Other researchers are sceptical.<\/p>\n

Now there are two new treatments being investigated for the same condition, and it\u2019s impossible to know yet whether either will work or which might be best for individual patients.<\/p>\n

It makes sense that heart-muscle cells (used in the second study) might work better for the heart than leg-muscle cells (used in the first). Indeed, it was reported a decade ago that injecting muscle cells from the leg did not improve heart function (P. Menasch\u00e9\u00a0et al. Circulation\u00a0<\/i>17,<\/b>1189\u20131200; 2008<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Most physicians hoping to treat heart disease by way of regenerative medicine have moved on to other strategies, with many looking to heart-muscle cells. That doesn\u2019t mean HeartSheet cannot work, but it does raise the question of whether patients who are given it will benefit.<\/p>\n

Sawa himself has raised the issue. At a symposium last month touting the new iPS cell trial, he said \u201cleg cells are not good, well, at least not enough\u201d. And the Osaka University web page announcing the iPS cell trial says that HeartSheet was found to be ineffective for more serious cases. Sawa told\u00a0Nature<\/i>\u00a0that the cells work in some cases, but that he expects the new iPS cell therapy to be more effective.<\/p>\n

All this places a question mark over how the efficacy of HeartSheet can be proved as required. Half way through its scheduled 5-year plan, fewer than 10 patients \u2014 of the 60 required by the terms of its approval \u2014 have received the treatment. If the trial doesn\u2019t make 60, the health ministry told\u00a0Nature,\u00a0<\/i>there would either be an extension or the ministry would try to make a decision on the basis of the available data.<\/p>\n

Some physicians have\u00a0called for the HeartSheet tests to end and the data to be assessed<\/a>\u00a0before the new iPS cell study can begin. That might be an over-reaction, but pressure on the Japanese government is increasing. The government needs to move quickly to make sure that evaluation of the HeartSheet therapy is as rigorous as promised. As more treatments emerge, officials should make sure that \u2014 fast track or not \u2014 they have a valid claim to efficacy before being sold to patients.<\/p>\n

A therapy for heart disease could be the first iPS-cell clinical breakthrough that Japan so ardently desires. The country shouldn\u2019t sell short the promising technology or the patients who hope to benefit from it.<\/p>\n

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Nature<\/span>\u00a0557<\/strong>, 611-612 (2018)<\/p>\n

doi: 10.1038\/d41586-018-05284-w<\/div>\n

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http:\/\/news.naver.com\/main\/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=009&aid=0004155766&sid1=001&lfrom=memo<\/p>\n

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\ubc18\uba74 \ub124\uc774\ucc98\ub294 \ucd5c\uadfc \ub178\uc778\ud669\ubc18\ubcc0\uc131 \uc784\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubc30\uc544\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uad00\ub828 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc5ed\uc2dc \uac19\uc740 \uae38\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\ubb38\ud588\ub2e4. \ub124\uc774\ucc98\ub294 “20\ub144 \uc804 \ubc1c\uacac\ub41c \ubc30\uc544\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \ub09c\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \uac80\ud1a0\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uba74\uc11c \uafb8\uc900\ud788 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4”\uba70 “\ubc30\uc544\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uce58\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud604\uc7ac \uc784\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc785\ud588\uac70\ub098 \uc784\uc0c1\uc744 \uc55e\ub450\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4”\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \ub124\uc774\ucc98 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc2dc\uc220\uacfc \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uad6c\ubd84\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uac15\uc870\ud588\ub2e4. \ud658\uc790 \ubab8\uc5d0\uc11c \ube7c\ub0b8 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \uc18c\ub7c9\uc774\ub77c \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc218\ucc9c \ubc30\ub85c \uc99d\uc2dd\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc57c \uce58\ub8cc \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4. \ubc30\uc591 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\uc5fc\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc608\uc0c1\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub9cc\ud07c \ud55c\uad6d \ubbf8\uad6d \ub4f1 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud658\uc790 \ubab8\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud55c \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ubc30\uc591\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 ‘\uc784\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud5d8’\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae4c\ub2e4\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\ub2e4. \uc784\uc0c1\uc744 \uac70\uce5c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774\ub97c ‘\uce58\ub8cc\uc81c’\ub098 ‘\uce58\ub8cc\ubc95’\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubc18\uba74 \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ucd94\ucd9c\ud55c \ub4a4 \ubc30\uc591\u00b7\uc99d\uc2dd \uacfc\uc815 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc5bc\uad74, \uac00\uc2b4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub123\ub294 \uac83\uc740 ‘\uc2dc\uc220’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc548\uc804\uc131 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uc758\uc0ac \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud6a8\uacfc \ub610\ud55c \uc7a5\ub2f4\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uacfc\uac70 \uaddc\uc81c\uac00 \ub290\uc2a8\ud588\ub358 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uc0c1\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub3c4 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ubc30\uc591\ud55c \ub4a4 \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \uace0\uc704\uce35 \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc218\ucc9c\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc744 \ub0b4\uace0 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uac74\ub108\uac00 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc8fc\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9de\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \uaddc\uc81c\uac00 \ud5c8\uc220\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc77c\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\ud55c \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc2dc\uc220\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uba74\uc11c ‘\uc7ac\uc0dd\uc758\ub8cc \ub4f1\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960’\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\ub828 \uc2dc\uc220\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uace0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae40\uc7a5\ud658 \ud55c\uad6d\uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\uc5f0\uad6c\uc13c\ud130\uc7a5\uc740 “\uc77c\ubcf8\uc774 \uaddc\uc81c \ubc95\uc548\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 \ub9d0 \uad00\ub828 \uaddc\uc81c\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud574 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ub904\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc2dc\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc120\uc744 \uae0b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4”\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \uae40 \uc13c\ud130\uc7a5\uc740 “\uc9c0\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud55c \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacf3\uc5d0 \ub123\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uc704\ud5d8\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4”\uba70 “\uad6d\ub0b4 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc2dc\uc220\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uacfc\ud559\uc801 \uae30\ubc18 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub904\uc838\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4”\uace0 \uac15\uc870\ud588\ub2e4. \uc624\uc77c\ud658 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\ub300 \uc758\ub300 \uad50\uc218\ub3c4 “\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub294 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc5b5\ub204\ub974\uba74 \uc548 \ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2dc\uc220\uacfc \uce58\ub8cc\ub294 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub3fc\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4”\uba70 “\ud604\uc7ac \uc774\ub904\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc2dc\uc220\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58 \ud68c\ucd98\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uac70\ub098 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubcd1\uc744 \uace0\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc11c\ub294 \uc808\ub300 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4”\uace0 \uacbd\uace0\ud588\ub2e4. \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5c5\uccb4\ub4e4\uc740 “\uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc784\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uce58\ub8cc\uc81c\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4”\uace0 \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5c5\uccb4\uc778 \ud30c\ubbf8\uc140 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub294 “\uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uce58\ub8cc\ub294 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc784\uc0c1\uacfc \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uadfc\uac70 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ub3fc\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \ub3d9\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4”\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc5c5\uccb4 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub3c4 “\uc77c\ubd80 \uc5c5\uccb4\uac00 \ubb34\ubd84\ubcc4\ud55c \uc2dc\uc220\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58 \uce58\ub8cc\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uac1c\ud574 \uc18c\ube44\uc790\ub97c \ud604\ud639\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4”\uba70 “\ub124\uc774\ucc98\uac00 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc131\uccb4\uc904\uae30\uc138\ud3ec \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc644\uc131\ud615\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ud604\uc7ac \uc9c4\ud589\ud615\uc784\uc744 \uc18c\ube44\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uba85\uc2ec\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4”\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    (\uc6d0\ubb38)   Stem-cell tests must show success   Japan needs to demonstrate that a promising therapy for damaged hearts works as claimed.  (more…)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[33,29,30],"tags":[7,3,4],"class_list":["post-480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news","tag-do-biology","tag-lets-do-science","tag-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4155,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=4155","url_meta":{"origin":480,"position":0},"title":"The potent effects of Japan\u2019s stem-cell policies","author":"biochemistry","date":"September 27, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 A five-year regulatory free-for-all in regenerative medicine has given the industry a boost. But patients might be paying the price. \u00a0 \u00a0 Illustration by Fabio Buonocore \u00a0PDF version \u00a0 \u00a0 Tucked away in Tokyo\u2019s trendiest fashion district \u2014 two floors above a pricey French patisserie, and alongside nail\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Essays on Science"","block_context":{"text":"Essays on Science","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=32"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3524,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3524","url_meta":{"origin":480,"position":1},"title":"Stem-cell and genetic therapies make a healthy marriage","author":"biochemistry","date":"May 16, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 This scientific partnership could fight everything from blood diseases to HIV. \u00a0 A culture from human tissue showing neurons derived from stem cells.Credit: Daniel Schroen\/Cell Applications Inc\/SPL \u00a0 \u00a0 Aside from a 20-second exposure to the outside world at birth, David Vetter spent his entire life cocooned in\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Essays on Science"","block_context":{"text":"Essays on Science","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=32"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1104,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1104","url_meta":{"origin":480,"position":2},"title":"A path to efficient gene editing","author":"biochemistry","date":"July 13, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Nature Medicine\u00a0volume\u00a024,\u00a0pages\u00a0899\u2013900\u00a0(2018) \u00a0 \u00a0 Signaling by the tumor-suppressor protein p53 antagonizes CRISPR\u2013Cas9 gene editing of human pluripotent stem cells and immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial cells. \u00a0 Now in its third decade of use1, genome editing relies on an engineered nuclease to induce a double-strand\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Let's Do Biology!"","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1811,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1811","url_meta":{"origin":480,"position":3},"title":"The multitasking cell that can build the parts of a human skeleton","author":"biochemistry","date":"September 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Cells sprout into bits of human bone when implanted in mice. \u00a0 Human stem cells that give rise to bone, cartilage and other skeletal tissues have been isolated for the first time, opening the door to new treatments for debilitating conditions such as osteoarthritis. Stem\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Let's Do Biology!"","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2797,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2797","url_meta":{"origin":480,"position":4},"title":"Why science needs philosophy","author":"biochemistry","date":"March 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 \uc544\ub798\uc758 \uae00\uc740 PNAS\uc5d0 \uac8c\uc7ac\ub41c Opinion\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u00a0 A knowledge of the historic and philosophical background gives that kind of independence from prejudices of his generation from which most scientists are suffering. 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