{"id":3879,"date":"2019-07-16T12:41:55","date_gmt":"2019-07-16T03:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=3879"},"modified":"2019-07-16T12:41:55","modified_gmt":"2019-07-16T03:41:55","slug":"getting-the-most-out-of-muscles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3879","title":{"rendered":"Getting the most out of muscles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Materials that convert electrical, chemical, or thermal energy into a shape change can be used to form artificial muscles. Such materials include bimetallic strips or host-guest materials or coiled fibers or yarns (see the Perspective by Tawfick and Tang). Kanik\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0developed a polymer bimorph structure from an elastomer and a semicrystalline polymer where the difference in thermal expansion enabled thermally actuated artificial muscles. Iterative cold stretching of clad fibers could be used to tailor the dimensions and mechanical response, making it simple to produce hundreds of meters of coiled fibers. Mu\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0describe carbon nanotube yarns in which the volume-changing material is placed as a sheath outside the twisted or coiled fiber. This configuration can double the work capacity of tensile muscles. Yuan\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0produced polymer fiber torsional actuators with the ability to store energy that could be recovered on heating. Twisting mechanical deformation was applied to the fibers above the glass transition temperature and then stored via rapid quenching.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-2\"><em>Science<\/em>, this issue p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaw2502\">145<\/a>, p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaw2403\">150<\/a>, p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaw3722\">155<\/a>; see also p.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aax7304\">125<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/365\/6449\/135.3?rss=1\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Materials that convert electrical, chemical, or thermal energy into a shape change can be used to form artificial muscles. Such materials include bimetallic<a href=\"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3879\" class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[33,29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2602,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2602","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":0},"title":"A \ufeffrobotic vine that can coil itself around the real thing","author":"biochemistry","date":"January 30, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 A slim robotic arm (silver) winds around the stem of a blue passion flower. Credit: IIT-Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia \u00a0 \u00a0 Artificial device imitates plants that rely on osmosis to power their tendrils. \u00a0 A slender, vine-like robotic arm snakes around objects using technology based on osmosis. Some\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Physics!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Physics!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=36"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2989,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2989","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":1},"title":"How to better control polymer chemistry","author":"biochemistry","date":"March 29, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Polymer chemists have long endeavored to gain control over the precise chemical structures of the polymers they synthesize. Polymers can have variable lengths and length distributions, chemically programmed units at each chain end, and different spatial arrangements of the pendant side chain atoms\u2014a characteristic known as stereochemistry. Controlled\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":428,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=428","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":2},"title":"Robotic assembly of artificial nanomaterials","author":"biochemistry","date":"May 30, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 An automated robotic system is capable of assembling 2D van der Waals heterostructures of unprecedented complexity in a timely fashion. \u00a0 The emergence of robotic automation in the workplace has unleashed a hot debate among economists about the potential impact of the robot replacing the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2188,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2188","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":3},"title":"\ub85c\ubd07\uc5d0\uac8c &#8216;\uac10\uac01&#8217;\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc804\uae30 \uc7a5\uac11 \uac1c\ubc1c &#038; Light pulses prod artificial muscle into action","author":"biochemistry","date":"November 29, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 [\uc694\uc57d]\ubbf8\uad6d \uc2a4\ud0e0\ud37c\ub4dc\ub300 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uc190\uac00\ub77d\uc744 \ubaa8\ubc29\ud55c \uc815\ubc00 \uc13c\uc11c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uc774 \uc13c\uc11c\ub97c \uc7a5\uac11\uc5d0 \ub07c\uc6b4 \ub4a4 \ub85c\ubd07 \ud314\uc5d0 \ub07c\uc6b0\uc790 \ub85c\ubd07\uc740 \uacc4\ub780\uc744 \uae68\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc62e\uae30\uac70\ub098 \ub538\uae30 \ud45c\uba74\uc744 \ub9dd\uac00\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac74\ub4dc\ub9ac\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uc815\ubc00 \uc758\ub8cc \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \ub85c\ubd07\uc774 \ubb3c\uccb4\ub97c \uc548\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\u00a0(2018.11) \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Biology!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/post-phinf.pstatic.net\/MjAxODExMjVfMTkw\/MDAxNTQzMTE3NzUxNTU5.rExNwHkK-90QZyU26RW9-PuJ7NNN4E3udKIJoalGbGUg.Dd3MIcNwh43UVodWZTpyft62CcefL4nBypzNMtOmNMgg.JPEG\/%EC%82%AC%EC%A7%841.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":3805,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3805","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":4},"title":"The changing phase of data storage","author":"biochemistry","date":"June 19, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 The combination of ferroelectrics and phase-change materials provides a route towards phase-change data storage at room temperature, without heating. \u00a0 \u00a0 The current pace of data creation is truly staggering; in 2018 alone, it amounted to 33 zettabytes1. The relentless growth of data generation is likely to continue\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3485,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3485","url_meta":{"origin":3879,"position":5},"title":"A role for optics in AI hardware","author":"biochemistry","date":"May 9, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Experiments show how an all-optical version of an artificial neural network \u2014 a type of artificial-intelligence system \u2014 could potentially deliver better energy efficiency can conventional computing approaches. \u00a0 Optical fibres transmit data across the world in the form of light and are the backbone of modern telecommunications1.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Biology!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9Xo1j-10z","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3880,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3879\/revisions\/3880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}