{"id":3325,"date":"2019-04-18T15:15:16","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T06:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=3325"},"modified":"2023-07-10T17:09:44","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T08:09:44","slug":"%ed%94%84%eb%9e%91%ec%bc%84%ec%8a%88%ed%83%80%ec%9d%b8-%ec%b0%bd%ec%a1%b0%ed%95%98%eb%93%af-%ec%a3%bd%ec%9d%80-%eb%8f%bc%ec%a7%80%ec%9d%98-%eb%87%8c%eb%a5%bc-%ec%82%b4%eb%a0%a4%eb%83%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3325","title":{"rendered":"\ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778 \ucc3d\uc870\ud558\ub4ef\u2026 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\ub97c \uc0b4\ub824\ub0c8\ub2e4 &#038; Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people &#038; \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \ud658\uc790, \ub450\ub2ec\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd&#8230; \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751 \ud0d3\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85 &#038;&#038;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"media_end_summary\">\u7f8e\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4, \uc9d1\ub3fc\uc9c0 \ub1cc 32\uac1c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574 \uc2e4\ud5d8\u2026\uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\ub2a5 \ub418\uc0b4\ub824<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\uc778\uc2dd\u00b7\uc9c0\uac01 \ub4f1 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ubabb \uc0b4\ub824\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u2018\ubab8\uacfc \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ub1cc\u2019 \ub4f1 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ub17c\ub780\ub3c4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/081\/2019\/04\/18\/0002992126_001_20190418033912500.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc2dd\ub7c9 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc721\ub418\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uae08\uc9c0\ub3fc \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ucd5c\uadfc \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc \ubcf5\uc6d0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc131\uacf5\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac00\ucd95\uc6a9 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub41c\ub2e4. \uac00\ucd95\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uba70 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac70\uc138\uc9c8 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.\ub124\uc774\ucc98 \uc81c\uacf5<\/em><\/span>\u201c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ucc3d\uc870\uc8fc\uc5ec, \uc81c\uac00 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc9c4\ud759\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\ub97c \ube5a\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uace0? \uc81c\uac00 \uc560\uc6d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc5b4\ub460\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub0b4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uace0?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>200\uc5ec\ub144 \uc804\uc778 1818\ub144 \uc601\uad6d \uc791\uac00 \uba54\ub9ac \uc178\ub9ac(1797~1851)\uac00 \uc4f4 \uad34\uae30\uc18c\uc124 \u2018\ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778-\uadfc\ub300\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uba54\ud14c\uc6b0\uc2a4\u2019 \uc11c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \u2018\uc2e4\ub099\uc6d0\u2019\uc758 \ud55c \uad6c\uc808\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc0dd\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\ub0b8 \uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4 \uacfc\ud559\uc790 \ube45\ud130 \ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc2dc\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 8\ud53c\ud2b8(\uc57d 244\u339d)\uc758 \uc778\uc870\uc778\uac04\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ubd88\uc5b4\ub123\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uad34\ubb3c\uc740 \uc778\uac04 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd80\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc778\uc885\uc774 \ub098\uc640 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uba78\ub9dd\uc2dc\ud0ac\uae4c \ub450\ub824\uc6e0\ub358 \ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uad34\ubb3c\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \uc0b4\ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc178\ub9ac\ub294 \uc18c\uc124\uc744 \uc4f0\uba74\uc11c \uc601\uad6d \ud654\ud559\uc790 \ud5d8\ud504\ub9ac \ub370\uc774\ube44\uc758 \uc804\uae30\ubd84\ud574 \uae30\uc220, \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub2e4\uc708\uc758 \ud560\uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \uc5d0\ub77c\uc2a4\ubb34\uc2a4 \ub2e4\uc708\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uac19\uc740 \ub2f9\ub300 \ucd5c\uace0 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220\uc744 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \ub611\uac19\uc740 \ud615\ud0dc\uc640 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc778\uc870\uc778\uac04\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc740 \uacf5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uacfc \uc0dd\uccb4\uacf5\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ud558\uba74\uc11c \u2018\ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778\u2019 \ubaac\uc2a4\ud130 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uac83 \uc544\ub2c8\ub0d0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc801\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc608\uc77c\ub300 \uc758\ub300, \ucf54\ub124\ud2f0\ucef7 \uc7ac\ud5a5\uad70\uc778\uc758\ub8cc\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc7ac\ud65c\uc5f0\uad6c\uc13c\ud130, \ubcf4\uc2a4\ud134\ub300 \uc758\ub300, \ud53c\uce20\ubc84\uadf8\ub300 \uc2e0\uacbd\ud559\uacfc, \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ud30c\ube44\uc544\ub300 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\u00b7\uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559\uacfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 \uba87 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0b4\ub824\ub0b4\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\ud559\uc800\ub110 \u2018\ub124\uc774\ucc98\u2019 18\uc77c\uc790\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc644\ubcbd\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc8fd\uc740 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc758 \ub1cc \uae30\ub2a5 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud68c\ubcf5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uacfc\ud559\uacc4\uc640 \uc724\ub9ac\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0 \ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \uc548\uaca8 \uc8fc\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/081\/2019\/04\/18\/0002992126_002_20190418033912687.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc2dd\ub7c9 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc721\ub418\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uae08\uc9c0\ub3fc \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ucd5c\uadfc \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc \ubcf5\uc6d0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc131\uacf5\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac00\ucd95\uc6a9 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub41c\ub2e4. \uac00\ucd95\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uba70 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac70\uc138\uc9c8 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \ub1cc\uc758 \ud574\ub9c8<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">CA<\/span>3 \ubd80\uc704\ub97c \ud615\uad11 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud574 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub4a4 \ubc29\uce58\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0(\uc67c\ucabd)\uc640 \ube0c\ub808\uc778\uc5d1\uc2a4 \uae30\uc220\ub85c \ucc98\uce58(\uc624\ub978\ucabd)\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud55c \uc0ac\uc9c4. \ube0c\ub808\uc778\uc5d1\uc2a4 \uae30\uc220\ub85c \ucc98\ub9ac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0ac\ud6c4 10\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098\uba74 \uc138\ud3ec\ud575(\ubc1d\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84)\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \ub274\ub7f0\uacfc \uc131\uc0c1\uad50\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ubd84\ud574\ub3fc \uac70\uc758 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub124\uc774\ucc98\u00b7\u7f8e\uc608\uc77c\ub300 \uc758\ub300 \uc81c\uacf5<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc6a9 \ubb34\uade0\ub3fc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc2dd\uc7ac\ub8cc \uac00\uacf5\uc2dc\uc124\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5bb\uc740 \uc0dd\ud6c4 6~8\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub41c \uc9d1\ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc 32\uac1c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc2e4\ud5d8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\ub294 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub4a4 4\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \uac83\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 \ud3ec\uc720\ub958\uc758 \ub1cc\ub294 \uc0b0\uc18c \uacf5\uae09\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubbfc\uac10\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\ub9cc \ud608\ub958\uac00 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0b0\uc18c\uc640 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uacf5\uae09\uc774 \ub04a\uaca8 \ud68c\ubcf5 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ub1cc \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\ub97c \uc790\uccb4 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \u2018\ube0c\ub808\uc778 \uc5d1\uc2a4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\uc5d0 \ub123\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c \ubcf4\ud638\uc81c\uc640 \uc548\uc815\uc81c \ub4f1\uc744 \uc11e\uc740 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc6a9\uc561\uc744 \ud608\uc561 \ub300\uc2e0 \ub1cc \ud608\uad00\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc785\ud574 \uc601\uc591\uacfc \uc0b0\uc18c\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uba70 \ub1cc \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uad00\ucc30\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub1cc\uc138\ud3ec \uad6c\uc870, \ub1cc\ud608\uad00 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uace0 \uc2e0\uacbd\uacfc \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uc5fc\uc99d \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4dc\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2dc\ub0c5\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uad00\ucc30\ub410\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc9c0\uac01 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801 \ub1cc \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uad00\ucc30\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 2013\ub144 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubc84\ub77d \uc624\ubc14\ub9c8 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 3\uc870 5000\uc5b5\uc6d0\uc744 \ud22c\uc790\ud574 \uc9c4\ud589 \uc911\uc778 \ub1cc\uc5f0\uad6c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc778 \u2018\ube0c\ub808\uc778 \uc774\ub2c8\uc154\ud2f0\ube0c\u2019\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc9c4\ud589\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub124\ub098\ub4dc \uc138\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc608\uc77c\ub300 \uc758\ub300(\uc2e0\uacbd\uacfc\ud559) \uad50\uc218\ub294 \u201c\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \ucd08\ubcf4\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc900\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud608\uad00\uc758 \ucd18\ucd18\ud55c \uc5f0\uacb0 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub1cc\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ud638\uc81c\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\uba74 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uc678\uc0c1\ud6c4 \uc0dd\uc874\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0 \uc2e0\uacbd\ud559\uc801 \uacb0\uc190\uc744 \uc904\uc5ec \ub1cc\uc0ac\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc904\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc900 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0dd\uba85\uc724\ub9ac\ud559\uc790\uc778 \ud604\uc778\uc218 \ubbf8\uad6d \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\uc6e8\uc2a4\ud134\ub9ac\uc800\ube0c\ub300 \uc758\ub300 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \u201c\uc8fd\uc740 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\ub97c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \uc0b4\ub824\ub0b8 \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ud3ec\uc720\ub958\uc758 \ub1cc\uc5d0 \ud608\uc561 \uacf5\uae09\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uba74 \uba87 \ubd84 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc874\uc758 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ub4a4\uc9d1\ub294 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uba70 \u201c\ubab8\uacfc \ubd84\ub9ac\ub410\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \ub1cc\ub97c \uc778\uaca9\uccb4\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0, \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc124\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ub4f1 \ub17c\ub780\uac70\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seoul.co.kr\/news\/newsView.php?id=20190418023004&amp;wlog_tag3=naver\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\u7f8e\uc608\uc77c\ub300 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4 \uc8fc\ub3c4\u2026&#8221;\ub1cc \uc9c8\ud658 \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/008\/2019\/04\/18\/0004205815_001_20190418062701086.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc8fd\uc740 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \ub1cc \ud574\ub9c8 \ubd80\uc704\ub97c \ud615\uad11\ubb3c\uc9c8\ub85c \uad00\ucc30\ud55c \uc0ac\uc9c4.\u00a0 (\uc0ac\uc9c4 \uc67c\ucabd\ubd80\ud130)\uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 10\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc, \u2018\ube0c\ub808\uc778\uc5d1\uc2a4\u2019\ub85c \uc77c\ubd80 \ub1cc\uc138\ud3ec \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ub1cc\/\uc0ac\uc9c4=\ub124\uc774\ucc98<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 4\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub418\uc0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \ud559\uacc4\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub1cc\uc138\ud3ec\ub294 \ub418\uc0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \ud1b5\uc124\uc744 \ub4a4\uc9d1\uc740 \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ub1cc \uc190\uc0c1\u00b7\uc9c8\ud658 \uad00\ub828 \uce58\ub8cc\ubc95 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc778 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc62c \uc804\ub9dd\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc8fc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubbf8\uad6d \uc608\uc77c\ub300 \uc758\ub300\uc758 \ub124\ub098\ub4dc \uc138\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uad50\uc218 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc8fd\uc740 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc\uc5d0 \uc778\uacf5 \ud608\uc561\uc744 \ub123\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \ub0b4 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc138\ud3ec \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc77c\uc815 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc7ac\uac00\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 18\uc77c \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud3ec\uc720\ub958\uc758 \ub1cc\ub294 \ud608\uc561\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc0b0\uc18c\u00b7\uc601\uc591\ubd84 \uacf5\uae09\uc774 4\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1 \ub04a\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ub1cc \uc190\uc0c1\uc744 \uc785\ub294\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc0ac\ud6c4 4\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c 32\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc758 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0ac\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub1cc\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud55c \ub4a4, &#8216;\ube0c\ub808\uc778<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">EX&#8217;<\/span>\ub77c\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\ub9e5\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc874\uc81c\u00b7\uc548\uc815\uc81c, \uc0b0\uc18c \ub4f1\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \ud608\uc561 \uac19\uc740 \ud2b9\uc218\uc6a9\uc561\uc744 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc, \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub1cc \uc77c\ubd80 \uc2e0\uacbd\u00b7\ud608\uad00\uc138\ud3ec \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\ub418\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc815\uc0c1 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub418\ucc3e\uc558\ub2e4. \ub610 \ub1cc \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uc5fc\uc99d \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4dc\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2e0\uacbd\uc138\ud3ec\ub07c\ub9ac \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc8fc\uace0 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc2dc\ub0c5\uc2a4 \ubc18\uc751\ub3c4 \uac10\uc9c0\ub410\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 6\uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uc18d\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc778\uc2dd \ubc0f \uc9c0\uac01 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801\uc778 \ub1cc \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc7ac\ud65c\uc131\ud654 \ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4\ub294\uac8c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub124\ub098\ub4dc \uc138\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \u201c\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub85c \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ub1cc\uc878\uc911 \ub4f1 \ub1cc \uc190\uc0c1\u00b7\uc9c8\ud658\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\uc9c0\ub41c \ub1cc \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uce58\ub8cc\ubc95 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc131\uacfc\ub294 \uad6d\uc81c\ud559\uc220\uc9c0 &#8216;\ub124\uc774\ucc98&#8217;\uc5d0 \uac8c\uc7ac\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8, \uc77c\uac01\uc5d0\uc120 \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud604\uc778\uc218 \ubbf8\uad6d \ucf00\uc774\uc2a4\uc6e8\uc2a4\ud134\ub9ac\uc800\ube0c\ub300 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \uc774\ub0a0 \ub17c\ud3c9\uc5d0\uc11c &#8220;\uc778\uac04\uc758 \ub1cc\ub3c4 \ubcf5\uc6d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\ub300\uac10\uc5d0 \ub1cc\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30 \uae30\uc99d\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4&#8221;\uace0 \uc6b0\ub824\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"http:\/\/news.mt.co.kr\/mtview.php?no=2019041806212911043\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"article-item__title serif\">Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>The restoration of some structures and cellular functions in pig brains hours after death could intensify debates about when human organs should be removed for transplantation, warn Stuart Youngner and Insoo Hyun.<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear pull--both\">\n<figure class=\"figure\"><picture><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w700\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8_16646806.jpg\" alt=\"Surgeons extract the liver and kidneys of a brain-dead woman.\" \/><\/picture>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #82868b; font-size: 1rem;\">Surgeons in Berlin operate on a woman who has been declared brain dead to remove her liver and kidneys for transplantation. Credit: Fabrizio Bensch\/Reuters<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article__aside align-right hide-print\">\n<div class=\"pdf__download shrink--aside\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-track=\"download\" data-track-label=\"PDF download\">PDF version<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"align-left\">\n<div class=\"article__body serif cleared\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In this week\u2019s\u00a0<i>Nature<\/i>, researchers describe restoring certain structural and functional properties to pigs\u2019 brains, even four hours after the animals had been killed<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. They used an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">artificial perfusion system called Brain<i>Ex<\/i><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Electrophysiological monitoring did not detect any kind of neural activity thought to signal consciousness, such as any evidence of signalling between brain regions (see \u2018Between life and death\u2019). Nonetheless, the study challenges the long-held assumption that large mammalian brains are irreversibly damaged a few minutes after blood stops circulating. It also raises the possibility that researchers could get better at salvaging a person\u2019s brain even after the heart and lungs have stopped working.<\/p>\n<p>Advances following on from the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study could exacerbate tensions between efforts to save the lives of individuals and attempts to obtain organs to donate to others. (Such advances could also affect the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">use of human brains and brain tissue in research<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>In our view, as the science of brain resuscitation progresses, some efforts to save or restore people\u2019s brains might seem increasingly reasonable \u2014 and some decisions to forego such attempts in favour of procuring organs for transplantation might seem less so.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed box\">\n<p class=\"box__title sans-serif\"><strong>BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"box__content cleared\">\n<p>How were some cellular functions and structures restored to pig brains hours after the animals had been killed?<\/p>\n<p>The researchers (largely at the Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut) used around 300 pig heads from a US Department of Agriculture abattoir<sup>1<\/sup>. After optimizing the technology, the team connected 32 pig brains to the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0system (4 hours after the pigs had been killed, and after removing the brains from the skulls). This computerized network of pumps, heaters and filters controlled the flow, temperature and constituents of a proprietary perfusate solution for six hours.<\/p>\n<p>There was no evidence of the kind of neural activity that is thought to signal consciousness, or the ability to perceive the environment and experience sensations such as pain or distress. But, incredibly, Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0did restore and sustain circulation to major arteries, small blood vessels and capillaries, cellular responsiveness to drugs and cerebral metabolism. A drug that increases blood flow in people\u2019s brains, for instance, dilated pig blood vessels and increased the rate of flow of the perfusate.<\/p>\n<p>Some large-scale anatomical and small-scale morphological features were restored and preserved, thanks to a reduction in swelling and other changes that would otherwise have led to cell damage and cell death. Electrodes inserted into slices of brain tissue (cultured in standard medium) detected electrical activity in individual neurons; neurons fired action potentials in response to an electrical stimulus and even displayed spontaneous synaptic activity. All of this was detected at normal body temperature.<\/p>\n<p>It is not known how long uninterrupted perfusion could have sustained these functions. The team stopped the experiment after six hours, mainly because of the limited availability of fresh perfusate and the difficulties of having someone continually monitor and adjust the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0system.<\/p>\n<p>The study was designed to investigate whether any physiological and cellular functions can be restored in a large, intact mammalian brain several hours after death. Such work could, in principle, help investigators to develop therapies for brain injuries resulting from a lack of oxygen, and even\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">enable the study of intact human brains<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"box__author sans-serif\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The transplant community, neuroscientists, emergency medical personnel and other stakeholders must debate the issues<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Eventually, it might be useful for groups such as the US National Academy of Medicine to offer guidelines for physicians and hospitals. These would help to protect the interests of individuals for whom sufficient recovery is a possibility, as well as the interests of potential organ recipients.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Determination of death<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For decades, bioethicists and transplantation-policy researchers have had to wrestle with the question of when to switch from trying to save someone\u2019s life to trying to save their organs for the benefit of another person.<\/p>\n<p>Invariably, this comes down to a moral decision \u2014 namely about futility, which is a contentious and value-laden concept<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. There are few data to support decisions. And clinicians disagree about when there is a chance of recovery. There is also little consensus on what level of recovery is \u2018good enough\u2019 from the perspective of patients and their families, as well as when these factors are weighed against limited medical resources.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8_16646262.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Read the paper: Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In most countries, a person can be legally declared dead if they show irreversible loss of all brain function (brain death) or irreversible loss of all circulatory function (circulatory death).<\/p>\n<p>In recent decades, most organs for transplant have been taken from those who have been declared brain dead, often after a catastrophic brain injury resulting from a stroke, trauma or prolonged lack of oxygen to the brain, caused for instance by drowning. (In these cases, the person\u2019s heart and lung functions are maintained in the intensive care unit.)<\/p>\n<p>Increasingly, however, those who are declared dead after their hearts and lungs have stopped working are being deemed eligible for organ donation. This shift has largely been driven by an increased need for organs as transplantation surgeries have become more successful. According to the US non-profit organization the United Network for Organ Sharing, someone is added to the US transplant waiting list every ten minutes. In 2017, around 18 people in the United States died every day while waiting for a transplant.<\/p>\n<p>If technologies similar to Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0are improved and developed for use in humans, people who are declared brain dead (especially those with brain injuries resulting from a lack of oxygen) could become candidates for brain resuscitation rather than organ donation. Certainly, it could become harder for physicians or family members to be convinced that further medical intervention is futile.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8_16649416.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Part-revived pig brains raise slew of ethical quandaries<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>For people who have been declared dead on the basis of circulatory criteria, matters could become even more complex.<\/p>\n<p>Today, there are two main protocols for obtaining organs in these cases. One occurs in individuals who have severe brain injuries but are not brain dead. It is called controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (controlled DCDD)<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Here, after carers obtain consent, they switch off the person\u2019s mechanical ventilator and any other life support that might be in use in the operating room. The patient is then declared dead 2\u20135 minutes after their heart stops beating. Because adequate testing for brain death is impossible in the race to obtain healthy organs, it is assumed that the individual has had an irreversible loss of brain function.<\/p>\n<p>The second protocol (uncontrolled DCDD) is practised mainly in Europe<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. It generally occurs after a person has had a heart attack in a non-medical setting<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. In these cases, after paramedics have declared resuscitative efforts futile, nothing is done for around 5\u201320 minutes<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Next, steps are taken to try to preserve the organs. These might include resuming cardiopulmonary resuscitation to restore circulation; introducing cooling fluids through an artery in the groin; or even a technique that oxygenates the blood and pumps it throughout the body (known as extra corporeal membrane oxygenation, or ECMO).<\/p>\n<p>Even now, clinicians and bioethicists disagree over how long is long enough for paramedics to keep trying to resuscitate. Practitioners use various rules of thumb, such as \u2018declare death after 30 minutes of unsuccessful resuscitative efforts\u2019, and can refer to published guidelines<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. But as the US neurologist James Bernat has pointed out, such rules \u201care difficult to apply in practice because each CPR is a unique event with different variables\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Data are scant, but one study of people who died of heart attacks in hospitals in the United States found that patients were declared dead with more certainty after longer resuscitative efforts<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8_16646808.jpg\" alt=\"Ambulances head north from London Bridge at night.\" data-src=\"\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01169-8\/d41586-019-01169-8_16646808.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<p class=\"figure__caption sans-serif\"><span class=\"mr10\">In some countries, ambulances carry special equipment to restore circulation to the organs of people who have been declared dead after a heart attack.<\/span>Credit: Leon Neal\/Getty<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Questions about the term \u2018irreversible\u2019 haunt both protocols. Does this mean that the care team is unable to reverse a situation, or that they have reasonably decided not to attempt to? Unsurprisingly, most advocates for transplantation favour the latter view. Some have even argued that further efforts to restore people\u2019s brains at the expense of organ procurement would divert much-needed medical resources and potentially increase the number of people with severe disabilities<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Heightening the tension are concerns among bioethicists and medical practitioners that brain function could be recovered in some bodies that have been put on ECMO. Some organ-recovery teams in the United States<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR10\">10<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and Taiwan<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR11\">11<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0have tried to prevent this by inserting a thoracic aortic occlusion balloon to stop the pumped blood from reaching the brain. This intervention was deemed a \u201cserious problem\u201d by a US Department of Health and Human Services panel because it raises \u201ccausation questions about physicians\u2019 active complicity in the patient\u2019s death\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, there is considerable variation between countries about what is morally and legally acceptable. In France and Spain, ECMO equipment can be transported in a special ambulance to wherever the patient is. In the United States, the technique is controversial and rarely used.<\/p>\n<p>These debates and decisions could become much more fraught if advances in research challenge assumptions about the brain\u2019s inability to recover from an absence of oxygen, or even just hint at the possibility that consciousness can be restored after a person\u2019s heart has stopped beating. Ultimately, more people could become candidates for brain resuscitation rather than for organ donation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Healthy debate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Balancing the competing interests of developments in resuscitation and transplantation comes down to values, as well as science. Different people have different ideas about how to best save and improve lives.<\/p>\n<p>In our view, the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study, and the follow-up work it will surely inspire, flag the need for more open discussion. Debate involving everyone \u2014 from neuroscientists and policymakers to patients and medical personnel \u2014 could help to clarify which criteria make someone eligible for organ donation versus resuscitation. Such discussions can also explore how to ensure that organ donation can be integrated into end-of-life care with minimal controversy.<\/p>\n<p>Two institutions are well placed to take the lead and bring the relevant stakeholders together: the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the UK Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Both have held public meetings and produced multidisciplinary reports on controversial areas of science, medicine and ethics for decades. In 2006, for example, workshops held over a year involving researchers, health-care professionals and comments from the public led to an NAS report evaluating various proposals to increase organ donations, and their potential impact on people from minority ethnic groups and those who are socio-economically disadvantaged<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR12\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers are a long way from being able to restore structures and functions in the brains of people who would today be declared dead. But, in our view, it is not too early to consider how this type of research could affect the growing population of critically ill patients who are waiting for kidneys, livers, lungs or hearts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"article-item__title serif\">Pig brains kept alive outside body for hours after death<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Revival of disembodied organs raises slew of ethical and legal questions about the nature of death and consciousness.<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01216-4\/d41586-019-01216-4_16646840.jpg\" alt=\"A pig is inside its enclosure at a pig farm\" data-src=\"\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01216-4\/d41586-019-01216-4_16646840.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<p class=\"figure__caption sans-serif\"><span class=\"mr10\">The pigs whose brains were used in the study had been killed at a slaughterhouse for meat.<\/span>Credit: Chaiwat Subprasom\/Reuters<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In a challenge to the idea that brain death is final, researchers have revived the disembodied brains of pigs four hours after the animals were slaughtered. Although the experiments stopped short of restoring consciousness, they raise questions about the ethics of the approach \u2014 and, more fundamentally, about the nature of death itself. The current legal and medical definitions of death guide protocols for resuscitating people and for transplanting organs.<\/p>\n<p>Details of the pig-brain experiments appear in a paper<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01216-4?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR1\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0published on 17 April in\u00a0<i>Nature<\/i>. Researchers at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, hooked the organs to a system that pumped in a blood substitute. The technique restored some crucial functions, such as the ability of cells to produce energy and remove waste, and helped to maintain the brains\u2019 internal structures.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor most of human history, death was very simple,\u201d says Christof Koch, president and chief scientist of the Allen Institute for Brain Science in Seattle, Washington. \u201dNow, we have to question what is irreversible.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In most countries, a person is considered to be legally dead when brain activity ceases or when the heart and lungs stop working. The brain requires an immense amount of blood, oxygen and energy, and going even a few minutes without these vital support systems is thought to cause irreversible damage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01216-4\/d41586-019-01216-4_16649416.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Part-revived pig brains raise slew of ethical quandaries<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Since the early twentieth century, scientists have conducted experiments that keep animals\u2019 brains alive from the moment the heart stops, by cooling the brains and pumping in blood or a substitute. But how well the organs functioned afterwards is unclear<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01216-4?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Other studies have shown that cells taken from brains long after death can perform normal activities, such as making proteins<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01216-4?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. This made Yale neuroscientist Nenad Sestan wonder: could a whole brain be revived hours after death?<\/p>\n<p>Sestan decided to find out \u2014 using severed heads from 32 pigs that had been killed for meat at a slaughterhouse near his lab. His team removed each brain from its skull and placed it into a special chamber before fitting the organ with a catheter. Four hours after death, the researchers began pumping a warm preservative solution into the brain\u2019s veins and arteries.<\/p>\n<p>The system, which the researchers call Brain<i>Ex<\/i>, mimics blood flow by delivering nutrients and oxygen to brain cells. The preservative solution the team used also contained chemicals that stop neurons from firing, to protect them from damage and to prevent electrical brain activity from restarting. Despite this, the scientists monitored the brains\u2019 electrical activity throughout the experiment and were prepared to administer anaesthetics if they saw signs that the organ might be regaining consciousness.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Time trial<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The researchers tested how well the brains fared during a six-hour period. They found that neurons and other brain cells had restarted normal metabolic functions, such as consuming sugar and producing carbon dioxide, and that the brains\u2019 immune systems seemed to be working. The structures of individual cells and sections of the brain were preserved \u2014 whereas cells in control brains, which did not receive the nutrient- and oxygen-rich solution, collapsed. And when the scientists applied electricity to tissue samples from the treated brains, they found that individual neurons could still carry a signal.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01216-4\/d41586-019-01216-4_16649418.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But the team never saw coordinated electrical patterns across the entire brain, which would indicate sophisticated brain activity or even consciousness. The researchers say that restarting brain activity might require an electrical shock, or preserving the brain in solution for extended periods to allow cells to recover from any damage they sustained while deprived of oxygen.<\/p>\n<p>Sestan, whose team has used its technique to keep pig brains alive for up to 36 hours, has no immediate plans to try to restore electrical activity in a disembodied organ. Instead, his priority is to find out how long his team can maintain a brain\u2019s metabolic and physiological functions outside the body. \u201cIt is conceivable we are just preventing the inevitable, and the brain won\u2019t be able to recover,\u201d Sestan says. \u201cWe just flew a few hundred metres, but can we really fly?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0system is far from ready for use in people, he adds, not least because it is difficult to use without first removing the brain from the skull.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Questions multiply<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, the development of technology with the potential to support sentient, disembodied organs has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">broad ethical implications<\/a>\u00a0for the welfare of animals and people. \u201cThere isn\u2019t really an oversight mechanism in place for worrying about the possible ethical consequences of creating consciousness in something that isn\u2019t a living animal,\u201d says Stephen Latham, a bioethicist at Yale who worked with Sestan\u2019s team. He says that doing so might be ethically justifiable in some cases \u2014 for instance, if it enable scientists to test drugs for degenerative brain diseases on the organs, rather than people.<\/p>\n<p>Gauging\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/metric-for-consciousness-tracks-waking-states-1.13556\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/metric-for-consciousness-tracks-waking-states-1.13556\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">awareness in a brain<\/a>\u00a0outside a body would probably be difficult, given that the organ\u2019s surroundings would differ so radically from its natural environment. \u201cWe could imagine that brain could be capable of consciousness,\u201d says George Mashour, a neuroscientist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor who studies near-death experiences. \u201cBut it\u2019s very interesting to think about what kind of consciousness, in the absence of organs and peripheral stimulation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The latest study also raises questions about whether brain damage and death are permanent. Lance Becker, an emergency-medicine specialist at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York, says that many physicians assume that even minutes without oxygen can cause irreversible harm. But the pig experiments suggest that the brain might stay viable for much longer than previously thought, even without outside support. \u201cThis paper throws a hand grenade into the middle of what the common beliefs are,\u201d says Becker. \u201cWe may have vastly underestimated the ability of the brain to recover.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That could have practical and ethical\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">consequences for organ donation<\/a>. In some European countries, emergency responders who cannot resuscitate a person after a heart attack will sometimes use a system that preserves organs for transplantation by pumping oxygenated blood through the body \u2014 but not the brain. If a technology such as Brain<i>Ex<\/i>becomes widely available, the ability to extend the window for resuscitation could shrink the pool of eligible organ donors, says Stuart Youngner, a bioethicist at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a potential conflict here between the interests of potential donors \u2014 who might not even be donors \u2014 and people who are waiting for organs,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Far to go<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, scientists and governments are left to confront the legal and ethical quandaries related to the possibility of creating a conscious brain without a body. \u201cThis really is a no-man\u2019s land,\u201d says Koch. \u201cThe law will probably have to evolve to keep up.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Koch wants a broader ethical discussion to take place before any researcher tries to induce awareness in a disembodied brain. \u201cIt is a big, big step,\u201d he says. \u201cAnd once we do it, it\u2019s impossible to reverse it.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01216-4?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"article-item__title serif\">Part-revived pig brains raise slew of ethical quandaries<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Researchers need guidance on animal use and the many issues opened up by a new study on whole-brain restoration, argue Nita A. Farahany, Henry T. Greely and Charles M. Giattino.<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear pull--both\">\n<figure class=\"figure\"><picture><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w700\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01168-9\/d41586-019-01168-9_16646798.jpg\" alt=\"Pigs are seen standing in a pen at a farm.\" \/><\/picture>\n<div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #82868b; font-size: 1rem;\">Pigs raised for food production are exempt from welfare laws governing how research animals are treated. Credit: Rodolfo Buhrer\/Reuters<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article__aside align-right hide-print\">\n<div class=\"pdf__download shrink--aside\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"align-left\">\n<div class=\"article__body serif cleared\">\n<p>Scientists have restored and preserved some cellular activities and structures in the brains of pigs that had been decapitated for food production four hours before. The researchers saw circulation in major arteries and small blood vessels, metabolism and responsiveness to drugs at the cellular level and even spontaneous synaptic activity in neurons, among other things. The team formulated a unique solution and circulated it through the isolated brains using a network of pumps and filters called Brain<i>Ex<\/i>. The solution was cell-free, did not coagulate and contained a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier and a wide range of pharmacological agents.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01168-9\/d41586-019-01168-9_16646262.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Read the paper: Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-019-1099-1\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">remarkable study, published in this week\u2019s\u00a0<i>Nature<\/i><\/a><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR1\">1<\/a><\/sup>, offers the promise of an animal or even human whole-brain model in which many cellular functions are intact. At present, cells from animal and human brains can be sustained in culture for weeks, but only so much can be gleaned from isolated cells. Tissue slices can provide snapshots of local structural organization, yet they are woefully inadequate for questions about function and global connectivity, because much of the 3D structure is lost during tissue preparation<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The work also raises a host of ethical issues. There was no evidence of any global electrical activity \u2014 the kind of higher-order brain functioning associated with consciousness. Nor was there any sign of the capacity to perceive the environment and experience sensations. Even so, because of the possibilities it opens up, the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study highlights potential limitations in the current regulations for animals used in research.<\/p>\n<p>Most fundamentally, in our view, it throws into question long-standing assumptions about what makes an animal \u2014 or a human \u2014 alive.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Signs of what?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The pig brains used in the study, which was conducted by a team based largely at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, produced a flat line on an electroencephalogram (EEG) of brain activity. Had any degree of sentience been recovered, let alone consciousness, one would expect to see low-amplitude waves in the alpha (8\u201312\u2009Hz) and beta (13\u201330\u2009Hz) range, at the very least<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup>,<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. In consultations with the Neuroethics Working Group of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) BRAIN Initiative and in discussions with us, the researchers have stated that if they had detected such activity, they would have administered anaesthetic agents to prevent any experience similar to pain or distress, and would have reduced the brain temperature to swiftly quell the activity.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers already study whole organs, and maintain cellular activity for a few seconds to minutes in slices of animal and human brains. Thus, on the face of it, in the absence of EEG activity, the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study does not raise fundamentally different issues from those encountered in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-04813-x\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-04813-x\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">use of animal or human brain tissue after death<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Yet, until now, neuroscientists and others have assumed two things. First, that neural activity and consciousness are irretrievably lost within seconds to minutes of interrupting blood flow in mammalian brains. Second, that, unless circulation is quickly restored, there is a largely irreversible progression towards cell death and the death of the organism<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>The Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study used pig brains that had received no oxygen, glucose or other nutrients for four hours. As such, it opens up possibilities that were previously unthinkable.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<aside class=\"recommended pull pull--left sans-serif\" data-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01169-8\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-label=\"recommended article\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"recommended__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w400\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01168-9\/d41586-019-01168-9_16649418.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"recommended__title serif\">Pig experiment challenges assumptions around brain damage in people<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Take the lack of EEG activity. This activity could have been lost irreversibly when the pigs were slaughtered. Another possibility, however, is that the lack of EEG activity was a function of the study design. The researchers used several chemical agents in their solution that inhibit neural activity, hypothesizing that the tissues would be more likely to show some recovery if cellular activity were reduced. Had these blockers been removed at some point, perhaps the team would have detected EEG activity.<\/p>\n<p>Another possibility needing investigation is that something similar to shock treatment for the heart is required to reset the firing of neurons in the brain to a level that is detectable. Or maybe it takes longer than six hours (the length of the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0perfusion, following the four hours after death) for the cells to recover sufficiently for this kind of brain activity to emerge<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Physicians sometimes lower the core body temperatures of people who have had a heart attack, to induce a hypothermic coma. This can limit damage caused by swelling in the brain, for instance, and aid cellular recovery. In these cases, patients seem to need at least 24 hours of \u2018cooling treatment\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, more data are needed, including the replication of the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0findings in other laboratories by other groups. But we\u2019re reminded of a line from the 1987 film\u00a0<i>The Princess Bride<\/i>: \u201cThere\u2019s a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive.\u201d Even with all the unknowns, the discovery that mammalian brains can be made to seem \u2018slightly alive\u2019, hours after the animals had been killed, has implications that ethicists, regulators and society more broadly must now think through.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Animal research<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>To be clear, the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study did not breach any ethical guidelines for research. The team sought guidance from Yale University\u2019s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), which exists to ensure that the use of animals aligns with what is required by US law for federally funded research. The committee decided that oversight was unnecessary. The pigs, having been raised as livestock, were exempt from animal welfare laws and were killed before the study started. In the United States, the 1966 Animal Welfare Act is the only federal law that regulates how animals are treated in research, and applies to either living or dead animals. It explicitly excludes animals raised for food. Meanwhile, the policies and regulations of the US Public Health Service, which funds most US research involving animals \u2014 mainly through the NIH \u2014 do not specify any protections for animals after their death.<\/p>\n<p>Had the research been conducted outside the United States, the response from ethics or regulatory bodies would almost certainly have been the same. The European Union\u2019s Directive on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes largely aims to prevent (or minimize) any pain, suffering or distress experienced by live animals. It, too, specifically excludes animals raised for agriculture (see\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/go.nature.com\/2cpdgjr\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"http:\/\/go.nature.com\/2cpdgjr\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">go.nature.com\/2cpdgjr<\/a>). In China, both the Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial bureaus of science and technology ensure that researchers follow local regulations and that they abide by the National Standard on Laboratory Animal Welfare in China<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Here, too, the protections exclude animals raised for food, and the main focus is on eliminating or reducing live animals\u2019 potential pain and distress.<\/p>\n<p>In our view, new guidelines are needed for studies involving the preservation or restoration of whole brains, because animals used for such research could end up in a grey area \u2014 not alive, but not completely dead. Five issues in particular need addressing.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01168-9\/d41586-019-01168-9_16646800.jpg\" alt=\"A woman walks past a display of a brain slice.\" data-src=\"\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-019-01168-9\/d41586-019-01168-9_16646800.jpg\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<p class=\"figure__caption sans-serif\"><span class=\"mr10\">A woman is silhouetted as she walks past an exhibition piece displaying a brain slice from a person who underwent surgery for epilepsy in the 1950s.<\/span>Credit: Brian Snyder\/Reuters<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>First, how should researchers try to detect signs of consciousness or sentience? On its own, EEG activity would not reliably signal a conscious brain; such activity is nearly always detected in people who are under general anaesthesia<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. EEG activity might provide an appropriate measure should it be detected along with responsiveness to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) \u2014 a non-invasive way of stimulating brain activity, using a magnetic coil held near the head. Together with other measures, this would determine the brain\u2019s perturbational complexity index, a way of identifying the level of consciousness<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Furthermore, recent research in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging indicates that certain patterns of neuronal activity may provide a correlate for consciousness<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Second, which species make appropriate models for this type of research on brain perfusion? And what kinds of research and results would be needed to justify the use of other models? (In our view, investigators should proceed cautiously with testing in other mammals, particularly in pigs, dogs or primates, at this time<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR10\">10<\/a><\/sup>.)<\/p>\n<p>Third, until more is known, is the use of neuronal activity blockers sufficient to safeguard against the emergence of capabilities associated with sentience, such as the capacity to feel pain? It might be necessary to apply Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0or similar systems to mice or rats, both with and without neuronal activity blockers, to better understand the blockers\u2019 role.<\/p>\n<p>Fourth, under which scenarios should anaesthetics be used in follow-on studies, to safeguard against the possibility of inducing any experience similar to pain or distress? And under what scenarios might it be permissible not to use them? (We think that the use of anaesthetics in follow-on studies should be mandatory at this time, given all of the unknowns.)<\/p>\n<p>Finally, for how long should Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0or similar artificial circulatory systems be run? Such systems might be effective for only a certain period of time, or there could be a limit as to how much recovery can be achieved. This knowledge will inform analyses of risks and benefits.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Human research<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Although it is a long way off, researchers might one day consider using a system similar to Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0to treat humans for brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen. Until now, neuroscientists and physicians have assumed that the cell death caused by this is irreversible. Treatment generally involves working with a person\u2019s remaining healthy brain tissue to help rehabilitate mobility, motor and other skills.<\/p>\n<p>Before developing whole human-brain models outside the body \u2014 and certainly before the use of brain perfusion in the clinic \u2014 investigators need to arm people with enough information for them to make informed decisions. Most fundamentally, patients or donors will need to understand what kinds of brain activity could result and what that activity could mean. They will also need to know the chances of recovery being only partial, and the implications that will have.<\/p>\n<p>Another question is what information, if any, could plausibly be retrieved from the brain. Various groups are developing ways to decode the neural activity of living people, for instance to probe their memories or the images they have seen in their dreams<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup>,<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. Could such approaches one day be applied to brains after death?<\/p>\n<p>Such possibilities (if they come to pass at all) are far in the future. Yet we need to think through at least some of them now. Hundreds of people worldwide have already paid to have their brains frozen and stored, in the hope that scientists will one day be able to revive them. It\u2019s easy to imagine misapplications of brain perfusion following the publication of the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0study alone.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Guidelines<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It might not be easy for others to replicate the study, despite the Brain<i>Ex<\/i>\u00a0team providing detailed information on the device, perfusate and methods. As a first step, the investigators, their home institutions and the NIH should facilitate the transfer of the technology and know-how to other researchers and institutions. Any follow-up and independent studies should be just as transparent as this one.<\/p>\n<p>Crucially, future researchers will need guidance through the potential scientific, ethical and political questions opened up by this research.<\/p>\n<p>Precedents exist. Internationally, research involving stem cells derived from human embryos has successfully been steered by the 2005\u00a0<i>Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research<\/i>\u00a0released by the US Institute of Medicine and US National Research Council \u2014 the substance of which was almost entirely adopted by the International Society for Stem Cell Research. Ongoing efforts to set guidelines for human genome-editing research hold lessons, too. Key actors here are the US National Academy of Sciences, the US National Academy of Medicine, the UK Royal Society, the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.<\/p>\n<p>In other contexts, such as in biomedical engineering (see, for example,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/go.nature.com\/2t6kon5\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"http:\/\/go.nature.com\/2t6kon5\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">go.nature.com\/2t6kon5<\/a>), artificial intelligence<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR13\">13<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and debates around the definition of death<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR14\">14<\/a><\/sup>, international conferences are being held to help find common ground across countries and to develop frameworks that enable responsible scientific progress.<\/p>\n<p>We think that the latest research on brain resuscitation demands the same kind of international attention. A starting point could be the guiding principles issued last December by the Neuroethics Working Group of the NIH BRAIN Initiative, which held a 2018 workshop on research with human neural tissue<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Citizens must be part of the process. Engaging non-scientists in delineating the ethical boundaries of this research doesn\u2019t guarantee its public acceptance in the future; and nor should it, necessarily. But not engaging other stakeholders could help to precipitate its rejection.<\/p>\n<p>In our view, discussion about the appropriate path for this research should not wait for follow-up studies. The Yale group was conscientious and consulted the local institutional IACUC, Yale bioethicists, NIH programme officers and even the NIH Neuroethics Working Group. The researchers did what they could, and probably more than many would have done, to ensure that they were acting appropriately in a void of ethical analysis on the issue.<\/p>\n<p>Now is the time to fill that void.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-01168-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc544\ub798\ub294 2021\ub144 10\uc6d4 21\uc77c \ub274\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4~<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/n.news.naver.com\/mnews\/article\/028\/0002564682\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"media_end_head go_trans\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_title\">\n<h2 id=\"title_area\" class=\"media_end_head_headline\">\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c\u2026\uc774\uc885\uac04 \uc774\uc2dd \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uccab \uc131\uacf5<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info nv_notrans \">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_datestamp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_variety\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_variety_right\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contents\" class=\"newsct_body\">\n<div id=\"newsct_article\" class=\"newsct_article _article_body\">\n<div id=\"dic_area\" class=\"go_trans _article_content\"><strong class=\"media_end_summary\">\ub1cc\uc0ac\uc790\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ud758\uac04 \uc5f0\uacb0\u2026\uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9 \ud655\uc778<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"go_trans _article_content\">\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP \">\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"img_a1\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img1\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/028\/2021\/10\/21\/0002564682_001_20211021114701147.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc7a5\uae30\uc774\uc2dd \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ud3b8\uc9d1 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \u2018\uac08\uc138\uc774\ud504\u2019. \ub9ac\ub9ac\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4 \uc81c\uacf5<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\ub3fc\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc7a5\uae30 \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc0ac\ub78c\ud55c\ud14c \uc7a5\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc2dd\ud574 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud6c4\ubcf4\ub85c \uaf3d\ud600 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc885\uac04 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc740 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8\ub2e4\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751 \uc720\ubc1c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc5c6\uc564 \uac83\uc774 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \ubc1c\ud718\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \ub274\uc695\ub300 \ub791\uace4\ud5ec\uc2a4(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">NYU<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Langone<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Health<\/span>) \uba54\ub514\uceec\uc13c\ud130\uc758 \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \ubabd\uace0\uba54\ub9ac \uc774\uc2dd\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c \uc18c\uc7a5 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c 9\uc6d4 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \ub1cc\uc0ac \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ube60\uc9c4 \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc, \uc0ac\ud758 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5b8\ub860\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc774\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \ub1cc\uc0ac \ud658\uc790 \uac00\uc871\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd \uc2e4\ud5d8 \ub3d9\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \ud658\uc790 \ubab8 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ub454 \ucc44 \ud658\uc790\uc758 \ud608\uad00\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud55c \ub4a4 3\uc77c\uac04 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uacfc \uc815\uc0c1 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uad00\ucc30\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc774\uc2dd\ub41c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc740 \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub178\ud3d0\ubb3c\uc744 \uac78\ub7ec\ub0b4\uace0 \uc18c\ubcc0\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc2e0\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5\ub3c4 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ubd80\uc804 \uc99d\uc0c1 \uc9c0\ud45c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 \ud06c\ub808\uc544\ud2f0\ub2cc\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \ud6c4 \u2018\uac70\uc758 \uc989\uc2dc\u2019 \uc815\uc0c1 \uc218\uc900\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubabd\uace0\uba54\ub9ac \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30\uac00 \uccb4\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2dd\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7a5\uae30\uac00 \uc2e0\uccb4 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\ub2a5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uccb4\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc791\ub3d9\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc9c0\ud45c\ub77c\uace0 \u2018\ub274\uc695\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\u2019\uc5d0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP \">\n<div id=\"img_a2\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img2\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/028\/2021\/10\/21\/0002564682_002_20211021114701195.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc0ac\ub78c\ud55c\ud14c \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc740 \uc548\uc804\uc131 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548 \uae08\uc9c0\ub3fc \uc654\ub2e4. \ud53d\uc0ac\ubca0\uc774<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>_______<\/p>\n<p>\uc720\uc804\uc790 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751 \uc720\ubc1c \ubb3c\uc9c8 \uc5c6\uc560<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub294 \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751\uc758 \uc8fc\ubc94\uc778 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc138\ud3ec\uc758 \ub2f9 \ubd84\uc790\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ud3b8\uc9d1\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \u2018\uac08\uc138\uc774\ud504(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">GalSafe<\/span>)\ub2e4. \uac08\uc138\uc774\ud504\ub294 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 12\uc6d4 \ubbf8 \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uad6d(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">FDA<\/span>)\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dd\ud488 \ubc0f \uc758\ub8cc\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \uc368\ub3c4 \uc88b\ub2e4\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc131 \uc2b9\uc778\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc5c5\uccb4\ub294 \ub9ac\ube44\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Revivicor<\/span>)\ub85c, 1996\ub144 \uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ubcf5\uc81c\uc591 \ub3cc\ub9ac\ub97c \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ud53c\ud53c\uc5d8 \uc138\ub77c\ud4e8\ud2f1\uc2a4(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">PPL<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Therapeutics<\/span>)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\uc0ac\ud55c \uae30\uc5c5\uc774\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ud68c\uc0ac\uc778 \uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559\uc5c5\uccb4 \uc720\ub098\uc774\ud2f0\ub4dc \uc138\ub77c\ud4e8\ud2f1\uc2a4(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">United<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Therapeutics<\/span>)\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc7a5\uae30\uc774\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud560 \uacc4\ud68d\uc784\uc744 \ubc1d\ud78c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc740 54\uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace0 \ub05d\ub098\ubc84\ub838\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub9cc\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc2dd \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\uc744 \ud574\uc18c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub3cc\ud30c\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uac10\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\ub274\uc695\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\u2019\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c 9\ub9cc\uba85\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \ud604\uc7ac 10\ub9cc\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc774\uc2dd \ub300\uae30\uc790 \uba85\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub77c \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uc77c 12\uba85\uc774 \ubaa9\uc228\uc744 \uc783\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610 50\ub9cc\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc804\uc99d \ud658\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud798\ub4e0 \ud22c\uc11d \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud574 \uc0dd\uc874\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc874\uc2a4\ud649\ud0a8\uc2a4\uc758\ub300 \ub3c4\ub9ac \uc138\uac8c\ube0c \uad50\uc218\ub294 \u201c\uc774\uc2dd \uc7a5\uae30\uc758 \uc218\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\ubc88 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc131\uacfc\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc7a5\uae30 \uacf5\uc720 \uc5f0\ud569 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">United<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Network<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">for<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Organ<\/span>\u00a0<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Sharing<\/span>)\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uc758\ub8cc \ucc45\uc784\uc790\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ud074\ub77c\uc13c \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc870\uc791 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30\uac00 \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uac10\uc5fc \uc6b0\ub824 \ub4f1 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc7a5\uc560\ubb3c\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uc885 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc740 \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub3fc \uc654\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ub300\uc5d4 \uba87\uba87 \ud658\uc790\uac00 \uce68\ud32c\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc544 \ucd5c\ub300 9\uac1c\uc6d4\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uc874\ud588\ub2e4. 1983\ub144\uc5d4 \uac1c\ucf54\uc6d0\uc22d\uc774 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc740 \uc18c\ub140\uac00 20\uc77c \ub3d9\uc548 \uc0dd\uc874\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ud6c4 \uc758\uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud0a4\uc6b0\uae30\uac00 \ub354 \uc27d\uace0 6\uac1c\uc6d4\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc131\uc778 \ubab8\uc9d1 \ud06c\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc790\ub77c\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub3d9\uc548 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2e0\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd\uc740 \uc6d0\uc22d\uc774\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc654\uc73c\uba70, \uc778\uac04\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc774\uc2dd \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc740 \uc548\uc804\uc0c1\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uae08\uc9c0\ub3fc \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4 \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uad6d\uc774 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ubcc0\ud615 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\ub8cc\uc6a9 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud5c8\uac00\ub97c \ub0b4\uc90c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\uc885\uac04 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc758 \ubb3c\uaf2c\ub97c \ud130\uc92c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub3d9\ubb3c \uc724\ub9ac \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ud5e4\uc774\uc2a4\ud305\uc2a4\uc13c\ud130\uc758 \uce74\ub80c \ub9c8\uc26c\ucf00 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc601\uad6d \uc77c\uac04 \u2018\uac00\ub514\uc5b8\u2019\uc5d0 \u201c\ub3d9\ubb3c \ubcf5\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc6b0\ub824\ub97c \ud574\uc18c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc7a5\uae30\uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \ud0a4\uc6b0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc6a9\uc778\ub420 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\ub807\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc288\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba70 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc744 \ub358\uc84c\ub2e4. \u201c\uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uac78 \ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud560\uae4c?\u201d<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc544\ub798\ub294 2022\ub144 1\uc6d4 11\uc77c \ub274\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4~<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/n.news.naver.com\/mnews\/article\/023\/0003665473\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"media_end_head go_trans\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_title\">\n<h2 id=\"title_area\" class=\"media_end_head_headline\">\uc720\uc804\uc790 \ubcc0\ud615 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5, \uc0ac\ub78c \uc774\uc2dd \uccab \uc131\uacf5&#8230; \u201c\uc644\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\uc758 \uac83\uc774 \ub410\ub2e4\u201d<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info nv_notrans \">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_datestamp\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_variety\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_variety_right\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contents\" class=\"newsct_body\">\n<div id=\"newsct_article\" class=\"newsct_article _article_body\">\n<div id=\"dic_area\" class=\"go_trans _article_content\"><b>\uc218\uc220 3\uc77c \uacbd\uacfc, \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc218\ud589<\/b><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"go_trans _article_content\">\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP \">\n<div id=\"img_a1\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img1\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/023\/2022\/01\/11\/0003665473_001_20220111124101121.jpeg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ubbf8\uad6d \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300 \uc758\ub300 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc774 \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ud560 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">.<\/span>\/<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">UMMC<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"go_trans _article_content\">\uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc218\uc220\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \uc7a5\uae30 \ud06c\uae30\ub098 \ud574\ubd80\ud559 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \ube44\uc2b7\ud574 \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uba74 \uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \ub300\uc548\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300 \uc758\ub300 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 10\uc77c(\ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac01) \u201c\ub9d0\uae30 \uc2ec\uc7a5\ubcd1 \ud658\uc790\uc778 57\uc138 \ub0a8\uc131 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ubca0\ub137\uc5d0\uac8c \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\uc218\uc220 3\uc77c \uc9c0\ub098 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uae30\ub2a5 \uc815\uc0c1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc740 \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c4\ud589\ub410\ub2e4. 8\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \uc9d1\ub3c4\ud55c \ubc14\ud2c0\ub9ac \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \u201c\uc2ec\uc7a5 \ubc15\ub3d9\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \ud608\uc555\ub3c4 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc791\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\uc758 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \ub410\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud765\ubd84\ub41c\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \u201c\ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc9c0 3\uc77c\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098 \uac74\uac15\uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc591\ud638\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uc774\ubc88 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \uae09\uc131 \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c \uc2ec\uc7a5\ucc98\ub7fc \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\uc99d\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uacfc \ud3d0\ub97c \uc6b0\ud68c\ud574 \uc0b0\uc18c\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 \uccb4\uc678\ub9c9\uc0b0\uc18c\uacf5\uae09\uc7a5\uce58(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">ECMO\u00b7<\/span>\uc5d0\ud06c\ubaa8)\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ud654\uc694\uc77c \uc5d0\ud06c\ubaa8 \uc7a5\uce58\ub97c \ub04c \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc55e\uc11c \ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\uc815\ub9e5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc785\uc6d0\ud574 6\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc5d0\ud06c\ubaa8\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud588\ub2e4. \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc774\uc2dd\uc13c\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc874 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc758 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\uc815\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc778\uacf5 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ud38c\ud504 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ubd80\uc815\ub9e5 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uc218\uc220 \uc804\ub0a0 \u201c\uc8fd\uac70\ub098 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uac70\ub098 \ub458 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc600\uace0 \ub098\ub294 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8 \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uad6d(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">FDA<\/span>)\uc740 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc704\ud611\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc751\uae09 \uc218\uc220\ub85c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd\uc744 \ud5c8\uac00\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \u201c\uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud55c \uac78\uc74c \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uac04 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc220\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uba70 \u201c\uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub41c \uc774\ubc88 \uc218\uc220\uc774 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0c8 \ub300\uc548\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\ub294\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP \">\n<div id=\"img_a2\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img2\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/023\/2022\/01\/11\/0003665473_002_20220111124101231.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ud658\uc790 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ubca0\ub137(57)\uad34 \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc \uc758\ub300 \ubc14\ud2c0\ub9ac \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\uac00 10\uc77c \uacf5\uac1c\ud55c \ubaa8\uc2b5. \ubca0\ub137\uc740 7\uc77c \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220 \ud6c4 \ud604\uc7ac \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ubc15\ub3d9\uacfc \ud608\uc555\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">.<\/span>\/<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">UMMC<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \ub300\uc548<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ud604\uc7ac \uc57d 11\ub9cc \uba85\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ub9e4\ub144 6000\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30\ub97c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc885(\u7570\u7a2e)\uc7a5\uae30\uc774\uc2dd\uc740 \uc218\ucc9c \uba85\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uae09\uc131 \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0ac \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300 \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ucc9c\uc131 \uc2ec\uc7a5\ubcd1\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc544\uae30\uc5d0\uac8c \uc6d0\uc22d\uc774 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ub2ec\ub3c4 \uc548 \ub3fc \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc77c\ucc0d\ubd80\ud130 \ubbf8\ub2c8\ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud588\ub2e4. \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \ubbf8\ub2c8\ub3fc\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4 \uc790\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubc18 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 1 \ud06c\uae30\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubab8\ubb34\uac8c\ub294 60\u338f\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ud06c\uae30\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ub78c \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc758 94% \uc815\ub3c4\uc774\uace0 \ud574\ubd80\ud559 \uad6c\uc870\ub3c4 \ud761\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc7a5\uae30\uac00 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ud310\ub9c9\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2dd\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2f9\ub1e8\ubcd1 \ud658\uc790\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \ucdcc\uc7a5\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \ub3fc\uc9c0 \ud53c\ubd80\ub3c4 \ud654\uc0c1 \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uc2dc\ub85c \uc774\uc2dd\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300 \uc758\ub300\uc758 \ubb34\ud558\ub9c8\ub4dc \ubaa8\ud788\ud6c4\ub518 \uad50\uc218\ub294 \uc55e\uc11c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc6d0\uc22d\uc774\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0dd\uc758\ub8cc\uae30\uc5c5\uc778 \ub9ac\ube44\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">Revivicor<\/span>)\ub294 \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uae09\uc131 \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc774 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9ac\ube44\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uad50\uc815\uacfc \ubcf5\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc720\uc804\uc790 10\uac1c\ub97c \uad50\uc815\ud588\ub2e4. \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 3\uac1c\ub294 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc778\uccb4\uc758 \uba74\uc5ed\uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc720\uc804\uc790 6\uac1c\ub97c \uc0c8\ub85c \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \ub354 \uc790\ub77c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc131\uc7a5 \uc720\uc804\uc790 1\uac1c\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uad50\uc815\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf5\uc81c\ud574 \uc218\ub97c \ub298\ub838\ub2e4. \uc218\uc220 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uae30\uc874 \uba74\uc5ed\uc5b5\uc81c\uc81c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ud0a4\ub2c8\uc2a4\uce74 \ud30c\ub9c8\uc288\ud2f0\uceec\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uba74\uc5ed\uc5b5\uc81c \uc2e0\uc57d\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc544\ub798\ub294 2022\ub144 3\uc6d4 1\uc77c \ub274\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4~<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/n.news.naver.com\/mnews\/article\/023\/0003677821\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"media_end_head go_trans\">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_title\">\n<h2 id=\"title_area\" class=\"media_end_head_headline\">\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \ud658\uc790, \ub450\ub2ec\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd&#8230; \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751 \ud0d3\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info nv_notrans \">\n<div class=\"media_end_head_info_datestamp\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contents\" class=\"newsct_body\">\n<div id=\"newsct_article\" class=\"newsct_article _article_body\">\n<div id=\"dic_area\" class=\"go_trans _article_content\"><b><\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP \">\n<div id=\"img_a1\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img1\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/023\/2022\/03\/10\/0003677821_001_20220310155801101.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ubbf8\uad6d \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ub09c 1\uc6d4 57\uc138 \ub0a8\uc131 \uc2ec\uc7a5\ubcd1 \ud658\uc790\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ubca0\ub137(\uc624\ub978\ucabd)\uc774 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30 \uc804 \ub2f4\ub2f9 \uc758\uc0ac \ubc14\ud2c0\ub9ac \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4(\uc67c\ucabd)\uc640 \ucc0d\uc740 \uc0ac\uc9c4. \/\ubbf8 \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"go_trans _article_content\">\uc138\uacc4 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc558\ub358 \ud658\uc790\uac00 \uc218\uc220 \ub450 \ub2ec \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uc874 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc9e7\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud658\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc7a5\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uace0 \ucd08\uae30 \uae09\uc131 \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub294 \ud658\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud070 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uc904 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc740 \u201c\ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ubca0\ub137(57)\uc774 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740\uc9c0 \ub450 \ub2ec \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ub09c \ud654\uc694\uc77c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 9\uc77c(\ud604\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uac01) \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubcd1\uc6d0 \ub300\ubcc0\uc778\uc740 \u201c\ubca0\ub137\uc758 \ubab8\uc774 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uc0ac\ub9dd \ub2f9\uc2dc \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc0ac\uc778\uc740 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \ub274\uc695\ud0c0\uc784\uc2a4\ub294 \u201c\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uce21\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc815\ubc00 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc5b8\uae09\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4\uc740 \uc758\ud559 \ud559\uc220\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uac80\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud560 \uc608\uc815\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc804\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ubca0\ub137 \uc8fc\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub294 \u201c\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc774 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ub2e4\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub294 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc758\ud559\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc7a5\ucc28 \ud658\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc0b4\ub9b4 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uc92c\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP is_small\">\n<div id=\"img_a2\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img2\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/023\/2022\/03\/10\/0003677821_002_20220310155801151.png?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uacfc\uc815<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\uc720\uc804\uc790 10\uac1c \ubc14\uafbc \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \uc9d1\ub3c4\ud55c \ubc14\ud2c0\ub9ac \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \uc774\ub0a0 \u201c\uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc740 \ubca0\ub137\uc528\uc758 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub9dd\uc5f0\uc790\uc2e4\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \u201c\ubca0\ub137\uc528\ub294 \uc8fd\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcd1\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b4 \uc6a9\uac10\ud558\uace0 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \ud658\uc790\uc600\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uc804 \uc138\uacc4 \uc218\ubc31\ub9cc \uba85\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0b4\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc6a9\uae30\uc640 \ud655\uace0\ubd80\ub3d9\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc92c\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ucd94\ubaa8\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9d0\uae30 \uc2ec\uc7a5\ubcd1 \ud658\uc790\uc778 \ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c 1\uc6d4 7\uc77c \ubbf8\uad6d \ubc14\uc774\uc624 \uae30\uc5c5 \ub9ac\ube44\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubca0\ub137\uc740 \uce58\uba85\uc801 \ubd80\uc815\ub9e5 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc785\uc6d0\ud574 6\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uacfc \ud3d0\ub97c \uc6b0\ud68c\ud574 \uc0b0\uc18c\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud558\ub294 \uccb4\uc678\ub9c9\uc0b0\uc18c\uacf5\uae09\uc7a5\uce58(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">ECMO\u00b7<\/span>\uc5d0\ud06c\ubaa8)\ub85c \uc5f0\uba85\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \ubd88\uac00\u2019 \ud310\uc815\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ubbf8 \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uad6d(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">FDA<\/span>)\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uce58\ub8cc \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ud5c8\uac00\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubca0\ub137\uc528\uac00 \ubc1b\uc558\ub358 \uc774\uc885(\u7570\u7a2e) \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc740 \ub9cc\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd \ub300\uae30\uc790\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uc57d 11\ub9cc\uba85\uc774\uba70 \ub9e4\ub144 6000\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc744 \ubabb \ubc1b\uace0 \uc228\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd, \ud2b9\ud788 \ubbf8\ub2c8 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub97c \ucd5c\uc801\uc758 \ub300\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uaf3d\ub294\ub2e4. \ubbf8\ub2c8 \ub3fc\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4 \uc790\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubc18 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 1\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubab8\ubb34\uac8c\ub294 60\u338f\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub78c\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uace0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \ud06c\uae30\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ub78c \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc758 94% \uc815\ub3c4\ub2e4. \ud574\ubd80\ud559\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub3c4 \ud761\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub07c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub0b3\uc544 \uc7a5\uae30 \ub300\ub7c9 \uacf5\uae09\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubca0\ub137\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubc14\uc774\uc624 \uae30\uc5c5 \ub9ac\ube44\ube44\ucf54\uc5b4\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \ub3fc\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uad50\uc815\uacfc \ubcf5\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uac00\uc704(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">DNA<\/span>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\uc704\ub97c \uc798\ub77c\ub0b4\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c)\ub85c \uba74\uc5ed \uac70\ubd80\ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 3\uac1c\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub610 \uc778\uccb4\uc758 \uba74\uc5ed \uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc751\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3d5\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \uc720\uc804\uc790 6\uac1c\ub294 \ucd94\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc2dd\ud55c \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \ub354 \uc790\ub77c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d, \uc131\uc7a5 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uad50\uc815\ud55c \uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \ubcf5\uc81c\ud574 \uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30\ub97c \uacf5\uae09\ud560 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc218\ub97c \ub298\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<div class=\"nbd_im_w _LAZY_LOADING_WRAP is_long\">\n<div id=\"img_a3\" class=\"nbd_a _LAZY_LOADING_ERROR_HIDE\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"img3\" class=\"_LAZY_LOADING\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/023\/2022\/03\/10\/0003677821_003_20220310155801190.jpg?type=w647\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ubbf8\uad6d \uc568\ub77c\ubc30\ub9c8\ub300 \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 9\uc6d4 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc624\ud1a0\ubc14\uc774 \uc0ac\uace0\ub85c \ub1cc\uc0ac \ud310\uc815\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ub0a8\uc131 \uc9d0 \ud30c\uc2a8\uc2a4(57)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5. \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc740 1\uc6d4 20\uc77c \ubbf8\uad6d\uc774\uc2dd\ud559\ud68c\uc800\ub110(<span data-type=\"ore\" data-lang=\"en\">AJT<\/span>)\uc5d0 \uc218\uc220 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4.\/\ubbf8 \uc568\ub77c\ubc30\ub9c8\ub300<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd\ub3c4 \uc787\ub530\ub77c \uc2dc\ub3c4<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2ec\uc7a5 \uc774\uc2dd \uc218\uc220\uc740 \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc218\uc8fc \ub3d9\uc548 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751\ub3c4 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ubca0\ub137\uc528\ub294 \uac00\uc871\uacfc \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba70 \uc7ac\ud65c\uce58\ub8cc\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc218\ud37c\ubcfc \uacbd\uae30\ub3c4 \uc2dc\uccad\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc740 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc0ac\ub9dd \uba70\uce60 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc545\ud654\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubca0\ub137\uc528\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\uc2dd \uc9c1\ud6c4 \uc2ec\uc7a5\uc774 \ucd08\uae30 \uae09\uc131 \uba74\uc5ed\uac70\ubd80 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0 \ud55c \ub2ec \uc774\uc0c1 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub2a5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc218\uc220 \uc9d1\ub3c4\uc758\uc778 \uadf8\ub9ac\ud53c\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \u201c\uc774\uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc7a5\uae30 \ubd80\uc871 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud55c \uac78\uc74c \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uac04 \ud68d\uae30\uc801 \uc218\uc220\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ucd5c\uadfc \uc774\uc885 \uc7a5\uae30 \uc774\uc2dd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc787\ub530\ub77c \uc131\uacfc\uac00 \ub098\uc654\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 10\uc6d4 \ub274\uc695\ub300\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc774 \ub1cc\uc0ac\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574 54\uc2dc\uac04 \uc815\uc0c1 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc740 \ubab8\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc9c0\ub09c 1\uc6d4 20\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc568\ub77c\ubc30\ub9c8\ub300 \uc758\ub8cc\uc9c4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 9\uc6d4 \ub1cc\uc0ac \ud658\uc790\uc758 \ubab8 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubcc0\ud615\ud55c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc218\uc220 23\ubd84 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc18c\ubcc0\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc0ac\ud758\uac04 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc568\ub77c\ubc30\ub9c8\ub300\ub294 \uc5f0\ub9d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e4\uc81c \ud658\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3fc\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc0c1\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\ud3b8 \ubca0\ub137\uc528\uc758 \uc218\uc220 \uc9c1\ud6c4 \uadf8\uac00 34\ub144 \uc804 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \uce7c\ub85c \ucc14\ub7ec \ubc18\uc2e0\ubd88\uc218\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ubc1d\ud600\uc838 \ub17c\ub780\uc774 \ub410\ub2e4. \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\ub294 \ud3c9\uc0dd \ud720\uccb4\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc0b4\ub2e4\uac00 2007\ub144 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ubca0\ub137\uc740 6\ub144\uc744 \ubcf5\uc5ed\ud558\uace0 1994\ub144 \uc11d\ubc29\ub410\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc0c1\uae08\uc744 \ub2e4 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uba54\ub9b4\ub79c\ub4dc\ub300\ud559\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc740 \u201c\ud658\uc790\ub294 \uc808\uc2e4\ud788 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc654\uace0, \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc740 \uc758\ub8cc \uae30\ub85d\ub9cc\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc774\uc2dd \uc790\uaca9\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u7f8e\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4, \uc9d1\ub3fc\uc9c0 \ub1cc 32\uac1c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud574 \uc2e4\ud5d8\u2026\uc8fd\uc740 \uc9c0 4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubd80 \uae30\ub2a5 \ub418\uc0b4\ub824 \uc778\uc2dd\u00b7\uc9c0\uac01 \ub4f1 \uace0\ucc28\uc6d0\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \ubabb \uc0b4\ub824\u00a0 \u2018\ubab8\uacfc \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ub1cc\u2019 \ub4f1 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778<a href=\"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3325\" class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[42,43,38,33,29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-06---07---","category-08----09---","category-38","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1477,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1477","url_meta":{"origin":3325,"position":0},"title":"\ubab8\ud1b5\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc644\uc131\ub41c \ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778, \ub1cc \uc774\uc2dd \ub0a8\uc558\ub2e4","author":"biochemistry","date":"August 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Craig,\u00a0Karl\u00a0\uc81c\uacf5 \u00a0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uc9c0 \uc62c\ud574\ub85c \ub9cc 200\ub144\uc744 \ucc44\uc6b4 \uc18c\uc124 '\ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778: \ud604\ub300\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\uba54\ud14c\uc6b0\uc2a4'\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uacfc\ud559\uacc4\uc758 \ud654\ub450\ub2e4. \ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc6d0\uc791\uc5d0\uc11c \uad34\ubb3c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0b8 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc601\ud654\ub098 \uc5f0\uadf9 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uad34\ubb3c\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uac01\uc0c9\ub3fc \ub354 \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4. \ucda9\ub3d9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ub09c\ud3ed\ud560 \ubfd0\uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc5f0\ubbfc\ub3c4 \ub290\ub084 \uc904 \uc544\ub294 \ud504\ub791\ucf04\uc288\ud0c0\uc778. \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;'06. \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c'\uc640 '07. \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \ubb38\uba85' \uad00\ub828&quot;","block_context":{"text":"'06. \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc5d4\ud2b8\ub85c\ud53c'\uc640 '07. \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \ubb38\uba85' \uad00\ub828","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=42"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3674,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3674","url_meta":{"origin":3325,"position":1},"title":"\ud604\ub300 \uc758\ud559, \uc8fd\uc740 \ub1cc\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uc0b4\ub9ac\ub2e4!","author":"biochemistry","date":"June 6, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \uc774\uc81c \u2018\uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uae30\uc900\u2019\uc870\ucc28 \ubc14\ub00c\ub098 \u00a0 \uc721\ub958 \uac00\uacf5 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c 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