{"id":2613,"date":"2019-02-01T13:40:22","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T04:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=2613"},"modified":"2019-02-01T13:40:22","modified_gmt":"2019-02-01T04:40:22","slug":"forget-everything-you-know-about-3d-printing-the-replicator-is-here","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2613","title":{"rendered":"Forget everything you know about 3D printing \u2014 the \u2018replicator\u2019 is here"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Rather than building objects layer by layer, the printer creates whole structures by projecting light into a resin that solidifies.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear cleared pull--both\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"align-left\">\n<div class=\"article__body serif cleared\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"ratio--16-9\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t5UsRDS-wqI\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>They nicknamed it \u2018the replicator\u2019 \u2014 in homage to the machines in the\u00a0<i>Star Trek\u00a0<\/i>saga that can materialize virtually any inanimate object.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers have unveiled a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/science-in-three-dimensions-the-print-revolution-1.10939\" data-track=\"click\" data-label=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/science-in-three-dimensions-the-print-revolution-1.10939\" data-track-category=\"body text link\">3D printer<\/a>\u00a0that creates an entire object at once, rather than building it layer by layer as typical additive-manufacturing devices do \u2014 bringing science-fiction a step closer to reality.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is an exciting advancement to rapidly prototype fairly small and transparent parts,\u201d says Joseph DeSimone, a chemist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.<\/p>\n<p>The device, described on 31 January in\u00a0<i>Science<\/i><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-07798-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29#ref-CR1\">1<\/a><\/sup>, works like a computed tomography (CT) scan in reverse, explains Hayden Taylor, an electrical engineer at the University of California, Berkeley.<\/p>\n<p>In CT machines, an X-ray tube rotates around the patient, taking multiple images of the body\u2019s innards. Then, a computer uses the projections to reconstruct a 3D picture.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\">\n<div class=\"embed intensity--high\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"figure__image\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-018-07798-9\/d41586-018-07798-9_16433540.gif\" alt=\"Short looping gif showing the light printing fluid process\" data-src=\"\/\/media.nature.com\/w800\/magazine-assets\/d41586-018-07798-9\/d41586-018-07798-9_16433540.gif\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<p class=\"figure__caption sans-serif\">Credit: UC Berkeley<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Stop the press<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The team realized that the process could be reversed: given a computer model of a 3D object, the researchers calculated what it would look like from many different angles, and then fed the resulting 2D images into a ordinary slide projector. The projector cast the images into a cylindrical container filled with an acrylate, a type of synthetic resin.<\/p>\n<p>As the projector cycled through the images, which covered all 360 degrees, the container rotated by a corresponding angle. \u201cAs the volume rotates, the amount of light received by any point can be independently controlled,\u201d says Taylor. \u201cWhere the total amount exceeds a certain value, the liquid will become solid.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This is because a chemical in the resin absorbs photons and, once it reaches a certain threshold, the acrylate undergoes polymerization \u2014 the resin molecules link together into chains to make a solid plastic.<\/p>\n<p>The exposure process takes about two minutes for an object a few centimetres across; the team recreated a version of Auguste Rodin\u2019s sculpture \u2018The Thinker\u2019 a few centimetres tall.<\/p>\n<p>The remaining liquid is then removed, leaving behind the solid 3D object.<\/p>\n<p>The process is more flexible than conventional 3D printing, Taylor says; for example, it can create objects that enclose existing ones. The resulting structures also have smoother surfaces than can be achieved with typical 3D printers, which could be helpful for manufacturing optical components.<\/p>\n<p>The scientists suggest the method could be used for printing medical components.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"emphasis\">doi: 10.1038\/d41586-018-07798-9<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-07798-9?utm_source=feedburner&amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+nature%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28Nature+-+Issue%29\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Rather than building objects layer by layer, the printer creates whole structures by projecting light into a resin that solidifies. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2613\" class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[34,35,36,29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lets-do-chemistry","category-lets-do-computer-science","category-lets-do-physics","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2633,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2633","url_meta":{"origin":2613,"position":0},"title":"3D printing with light","author":"biochemistry","date":"February 8, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Researchers develop new type of 3D printer - 'the replicator'. \u00a0 \u00a0 Conventional 3D printers build up an object layer by layer. Now a new technique prints entire objects in one go, by solidifying liquid resin using projected light. \u00a0 doi: 10.1038\/d41586-019-00410-8 \u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38: \uc5ec\uae30\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~) \u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2443,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2443","url_meta":{"origin":2613,"position":1},"title":"Five innovative ways to use 3D printing in the laboratory","author":"biochemistry","date":"January 7, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 As the cost of 3D printers tumbles, researchers have begun using them to make everything from bespoke equipment for experiments to realistic models of human organs. \u00a0 Illustration by The Project Twins \u00a0 \u00a0 Valentine Ananikov, a chemist at the Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry in Moscow, runs\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2527,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2527","url_meta":{"origin":2613,"position":2},"title":"3D printing gets a lift from light","author":"biochemistry","date":"January 18, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 This resin model of the University of Michigan emblem was printed in just one minute. Credit: Evan Dougherty \u00a0 \u00a0 A sophisticated technique can make complex objects in a single shot by blasting resin with two wavelengths of light. \u00a0 A fresh approach to stereolithographic printing has increased\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Chemistry!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Chemistry!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=34"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":1545,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1545","url_meta":{"origin":2613,"position":3},"title":"New machine-learning technologies for computer-aided diagnosis","author":"biochemistry","date":"September 4, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Nature Medicine\u00a0(2018) \u00a0 \u00a0 Machine learning can be used for computer-aided diagnosis of acute neurological events and retinal disease and can be incorporated into conventional clinical workflows to improve health outcomes. \u00a0 \u00a0 Machine learning is a branch of data science that trains computers to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Let's Do Biology!&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Let's Do Biology!","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=33"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":3990,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=3990","url_meta":{"origin":2613,"position":4},"title":"A FRESH SLATE for 3D bioprinting","author":"biochemistry","date":"August 3, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Additive manufacturing (more commonly called three-dimensional or 3D printing) of biomaterials for biomedical applications faces many technical hurdles. 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