{"id":2525,"date":"2019-01-18T00:20:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-17T15:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=2525"},"modified":"2019-01-18T00:20:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T15:20:00","slug":"what-100000-twins-can-tell-us-about-nature-versus-nurture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2525","title":{"rendered":"What 100,000 twins can tell us about nature versus nurture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"Headline__headline--32KDc\">Nature beats nurture when it comes to causing diseases, study finds<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure>\n<div class=\"PrimaryImage__root--1iuS-\">\n<div class=\"ResponsiveImage__root--3NMD3\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ResponsiveImage__image--1isrA\" src=\"https:\/\/images.axios.com\/5rWUtS6dcL9crYZDoBBH2mbw6MI=\/0x0:1920x1080\/1920x1080\/2019\/01\/14\/1547482172464.png\" alt=\"Photo of baby twins\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"StoryBody__root--2VihO\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><figcaption class=\"Caption__caption--1HFyq\">Photo: Sigarru\/iStock by Getty Images<\/figcaption><figcaption>\n<div class=\"StoryBody__root--2VihO\">\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"StoryBody__root--2VihO\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\">Genes play a larger overall role than environment or socioeconomic factors in causing human diseases, according to a comprehensive analysis of health insurance data, including a large cohort of twins, according to a\u00a0<a class=\"StoryBody__link--10w8x\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-018-0313-7\"><em>Nature Genetics<\/em>\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0published Monday.<\/p>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>What&#8217;s new:<\/strong>\u00a0Nearly 40% of human diseases can be linked to genetic factors, while 25% are at least partly driven from the environment. However, socioeconomic factors only play a modest role, the scientists find.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"qa-keep-reading KeepReading__keepReadingOpen--24exR\">\n<div class=\"KeepReading__centeringWrapper--3lH-G\">\n<div class=\"KeepReading__showLess--2y-8w KeepReading__hide--2qQxD\">Show less<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"hidden-4dfd17f5-4d1f-4059-a161-d2ad593d6dfe\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"false\" aria-expanded=\"true\">\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>Why it matters:<\/strong>\u00a0Information on what causes diseases \u2014 or even what\u00a0<em>doesn&#8217;t<\/em>\u00a0cause diseases \u2014 can inform future research, study author Chirag Lakhani tells Axios.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Quote__root--fHvPf Quote__plain--kY7a_\">&#8220;We want to know: Would genetics be a more helpful line of research or not,&#8221; Lakhani says. &#8220;If not, what are the environmental things we should be trying to measure.&#8221;<\/div>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>What they did:<\/strong>\u00a0Using de-identified data from Aetna insurance (which didn&#8217;t fund the study), the team from Harvard Medical School and Australia&#8217;s University of Queensland examined records from nearly 45 million Americans, including more than 56,000 twin pairs and 724,000 sibling pairs.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\">They analyzed heritable and environmental factors across 560 common conditions and diseases spanning 23 categories, ranging from cardiovascular illness and neuromuscular diseases to skeletal conditions.<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\">They extrapolated environmental factors such as air pollution levels, climate conditions and socioeconomic status from the patients\u2019 zip codes.<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\">They also looked at diseases by monthly health care spending.<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\">They compared their heritability findings (called CaTCH) with that of another large data dive into twin sets from 2015 (called<a class=\"StoryBody__link--10w8x\" href=\"http:\/\/match.ctglab.nl\/#\/home\">\u00a0MaTCH<\/a>), although the ages of twins and the specific conditions differed somewhat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>What they found:<\/strong>\u00a0Nearly 40% of the diseases in the study (225 of 560) had a genetic component, while 25% (138 of 560) partly stemmed from a shared living environment (conditions from sharing the same household, social influences, etc.)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\"><strong>Heritability<\/strong>\u00a0shows the greatest influence on cognitive disorders (4 out of 5 diseases). It has the least amount of influence on connective tissue diseases (2 out of 11).<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\"><strong>Shared environmental influence<\/strong>\u00a0has the highest impact on eye disorders (27 out of 42), followed by respiratory diseases (34 out of 48 conditions). It has the least effect on reproductive illnesses (3 out of 18) and cognitive conditions (2 out of 5).<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\"><strong>Zip codes \u2014<\/strong>\u00a0which includes socioeconomic status, climate conditions and air quality \u2014 had a &#8220;far weaker effect&#8221; on most diseases than genes and shared environment, Lakhani says. However, it is a potent factor in morbid obesity, he says, although genetics plays a role there as well. Climate also plays a role in flu and Lyme disease, they found.<\/li>\n<li class=\"StoryBody__item--1cHYD\"><strong>Health care costs:<\/strong>\u00a0Nearly 60% of monthly health spending can be predicted by analyzing genetic and environmental factors, they found.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>Of note:<\/strong>\u00a0The researchers examined data from newborns to 24 years of age, so the study doesn&#8217;t analyze diseases that tend to begin later in life.<\/p>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>Outside perspective:<\/strong>\u00a0Andrey Rzhetsky, a professor of medicine and human genetics at the University of Chicago, says, &#8220;Overall, the data are fantastic (very large sample) and technology is solid. &#8230; Yes, there is some inherent ambiguity in [the] attribution of effects to shared genetics vs. shared environment.\u00a0This can be resolved only with new, higher-resolution data.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\">&#8220;The most important message is that heritability estimates obtained from very different data types appear to agree rather well,&#8221; Rzhetsky tells Axios.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"StoryBody__paragraph--2-Doz\"><strong>Go deeper:<\/strong>\u00a0The full study findings are\u00a0<a class=\"StoryBody__link--10w8x\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.chiragjpgroup.org\/catch\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/genes-more-than-environment-cause-diseases-4dfd17f5-4d1f-4059-a161-d2ad593d6dfe.html\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; Nature beats nurture when it comes to causing diseases, study finds &nbsp; Photo: Sigarru\/iStock by Getty Images &nbsp; Genes play a larger overall<a href=\"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2525\" class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[32,33,29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-essays-on-science","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1305,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1305","url_meta":{"origin":2525,"position":0},"title":"Probing the genetics of the mind","author":"biochemistry","date":"August 8, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Douwe Draaisma weighs up Eric Kandel\u2019s study on mental illnesses as brain diseases. \u00a0 \u00a0 Brain imaging, including magnetic resonance scans, can provide information on psychiatric disorders.Credit: Ricardo Funari\/ LightRocket via Getty \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The Disordered Mind: What Unusual Brains Tell Us About Ourselves\u00a0Eric\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Essays on Science&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Essays on Science","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?cat=32"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":590,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=590","url_meta":{"origin":2525,"position":1},"title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: 4 big questions","author":"biochemistry","date":"May 31, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 (\uc6d0\ubb38) \u00a0 \u00a0 Although potential treatments are now entering the pipeline, the molecular cause and progression of Huntington\u2019s disease continue to elude researchers. \u00a0 \u00a0 1. 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