{"id":2412,"date":"2019-01-04T16:50:19","date_gmt":"2019-01-04T07:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=2412"},"modified":"2019-11-13T20:02:18","modified_gmt":"2019-11-13T11:02:18","slug":"%ec%9c%a0%ec%a0%84%ec%9e%90-%ec%a1%b0%ec%9e%91%ec%9c%bc%eb%a1%9c-%ec%8b%9d%eb%ac%bc-%ea%b4%91%ed%95%a9%ec%84%b1-%ed%9a%a8%ec%9c%a8-%ed%96%a5%ec%83%81%ec%83%9d%ec%82%b0%eb%9f%89-40-%e2%86%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2412","title":{"rendered":"\uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc870\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dd\ubb3c \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728 \ud5a5\uc0c1\u2026\uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9 40% \u2191"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><\/h6>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300 &#8220;\ub2f4\ubc30\uc5d0 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c \uc870\uc808 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc8fc\uc785\u00b7\uc7ac\ubc30 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc131\uacf5&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc774 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc758 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85d \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc2dd\ubb3c\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc2dd, \ub2f4\ubc43\uc78e\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 40% \ub298\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uc5b4\ubc14\ub098-\uc0f4\ud398\uc778 \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\ub300 \ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc \uc624\ub974\ud2b8 \uad50\uc218\ud300\uc740 4\uc77c \uad6d\uc81c\ud559\uc220\uc9c0 &#8216;\uc0ac\uc774\uc5b8\uc2a4'(<span class=\"word_dic en\">Science<\/span>)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uc778\uacf5 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uad11\ud638\ud761(<span class=\"word_dic en\">photorespiration<\/span>)\uc758 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uacfc \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc8fc\uc785, \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/001\/2019\/01\/04\/AKR20190103135800017_01_i_20190104040118965.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uc77c\ubc18 \ub2f4\ubc30\uc640 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc774\uc2dd \ub2f4\ubc30 \uc131\uc7a5 \ube44\uad50 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\uc2dd\ub41c \ub2f4\ubc30 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4(\uc624\ub978\ucabd 4\uac1c)\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18 \ub2f4\ubc30\ub4e4(\uc67c\ucabd 4\uac1c)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac19\uc740 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6e8\uc52c \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc790\ub77c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. [<span class=\"word_dic en\">Claire<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Benjamin<\/span>\/<span class=\"word_dic en\">RIPE<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Project<\/span>\u00a0\uc81c\uacf5]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uc624\ub974\ud2b8 \uad50\uc218\ub294 &#8220;\uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc774\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc870\uc808, \uc791\ubb3c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 40% \ub298\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4&#8221;\uba70 \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc911\uc11c\ubd80 \uc9c0\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\ub144 \uc2dd\ubb3c \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc5d0 \ud5c8\ube44\ub418\ub294 \uc5f4\ub7c9\ub9cc \uc544\uaef4\ub3c4 \ucd5c\ub300 2\uc5b5\uba85\uc744 \ub354 \uba39\uc5ec \uc0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc791\ubb3c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc740 \ucd5c\uadfc \uc0b4\ucda9\uc81c\ub098 \ube44\ub8cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\uac70\ub098 \uad00\uac1c\uc2dc\uc124\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\ud798\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc758 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ub370 \ucd08\uc810\uc774 \ub9de\ucdb0\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2dd\ubb3c\uc740 \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\ud0c4\uc18c\uc640 \ubb3c\uc744 \ube68\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uace0 \uad11\ud569\uc131\uc744 \ud574 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\ub9e4\uc2a4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc791\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud568\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc740 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uacb0\ud568\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc18c\ubaa8\ub3fc \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uac10\uc18c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2dd\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 &#8216;\ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54'(<span class=\"word_dic en\">RuBisCO<\/span>) \ud6a8\uc18c\uac00 \uacf5\uae30 \uc911 \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\ud0c4\uc18c\ub97c \uace0\uc815\ud574 \uad11\ud569\uc131\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294\ub370, \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54\uac00 \uc0b0\uc18c\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uba74 \uc4f8\ubaa8\uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uba70 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uccb4\ub294 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd84\uc790\ub85c \ubc14\uafbc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad11\ud638\ud761 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uc18c\ubaa8\ub3fc \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc791\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 20~50%\ub098 \uac10\uc18c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc870\uc791\uc774 \uc27d\uace0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ub2f4\ubc30\ub97c \ubaa8\ub378 \uc791\ubb3c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9, \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c \ub300\uc2e0 \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc0b0\ud654 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc7ac\ud65c\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uacf5 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc0bd\uc785\ud55c \ub4a4 \uc628\uc2e4\uacfc \uc57c\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\ubc30\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/001\/2019\/01\/04\/AKR20190103135800017_02_i_20190104040118981.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c \uc870\uc808 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc8fc\uc785 \ub2f4\ubc30 \uc7ac\ubc30 \uc2e4\ud5d8[<span class=\"word_dic en\">Claire<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Benjamin<\/span>\/<span class=\"word_dic en\">RIPE<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Project<\/span>\u00a0\uc81c\uacf5]<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc778\uacf5 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uccb4\ub294 \uc628\uc2e4\uacfc \uc57c\uc678 \uc7ac\ubc30 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub354 \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ub410\uc73c\uba70 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\ub9e4\uc2a4 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 40%\ub098 \uc99d\uac00\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub17c\ubb38 \uc81c1 \uc800\uc790\uc778 \ud3f4 \uc0ac\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 &#8220;\uad11\ud638\ud761\uc740 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc774 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc18c\uc911\ud55c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc18c\ubaa8, \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ub728\ub9b0\ub2e4&#8221;\uba70 \uc778\uacf5 \ub300\uc0ac \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uc9c0\ub984\uae38 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 &#8216;\ube4c \uc564\ub4dc \uba5c\ub9b0\ub2e4 \uac8c\uc774\uce20 \uc7ac\ub2e8'(<span class=\"word_dic en\">Bill<\/span>\u00a0&amp;\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Melinda<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Gates<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">Foundation<\/span>) \ub4f1\uc774 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc2dd\ub7c9\ub09c \ud574\uacb0 \ubc29\uc548\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 &#8216;\uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728 \ud5a5\uc0c1'(<span class=\"word_dic en\">RIPE<\/span>) \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \uc2dd\ub7c9 \uc791\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub3fc \uaddc\uc81c \ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \ud5c8\uac00\ub97c \uc5bb\ub294 \ub370\ub294 10\ub144 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \uac78\ub9b4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc,\u00a0<span class=\"word_dic en\">RIPE<\/span>\u00a0\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc758 \uc131\uacfc\ub97c \uc0ac\ud558\ub77c \ub0a8\ubd80 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74\uc640 \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub18d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb34\uc0c1 \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc1d\ud788\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yna.co.kr\/view\/AKR20190103135800017?input=1195m\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"media_end_summary\">\u7f8e\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4 \u201c\uad11\ud638\ud761 \ud6a8\uc728 \ub192\uc5ec 2\uc5b5\uba85 \uba39\uc5ec\uc0b4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc220\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/081\/2019\/01\/04\/0002968016_001_20190104110120453.jpg?type=w647\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"end_photo_org\"><em class=\"img_desc\">\ubbf8\uad6d \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\ub300\/\uc0ac\uc774\uc5b8\uc2a4 \uc81c\uacf5<\/em><\/span><strong>\uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c4, \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ub0a8\uc544 \ub4f1 \uac1c\ub3c4\uad6d\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc0c1\uc81c\uacf5 \uc608\uc815<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc758 \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc774\uc2dd\ud574 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc784\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 \uc808\ubc18 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ubbf8\uad6d \ub18d\ubb34\ubd80 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c\uccb4\uc778\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uad11\ud569\uc131\uc5f0\uad6c\ub2e8, \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\ub300 \uc720\uc804\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c, \uace1\ubb3c\uacfc\ud559\uacfc, \uc2dd\ubb3c\ud559\uacfc \uacf5\ub3d9\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \ub2f4\ubc43\uc78e\uc5d0 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc131 \uc800\ud558\ub97c \ub9c9\uc544\uc8fc\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc8fc\uc785\ud574 \uc791\ubb3c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 40% \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \ub192\uc774\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\ud559\uc800\ub110 \u2018\uc0ac\uc774\uc5b8\uc2a4\u2019 4\uc77c\uc790\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \ube4c \uc564\ub4dc \uba5c\ub9b0\ub2e4 \uac8c\uc774\uce20 \uc7ac\ub2e8\uc774 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc2dd\ub7c9\ub09c \ud574\uacb0\ubc29\uc548\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad11\ud569\uc131\ud6a8\uc728\ud5a5\uc0c1(<span class=\"word_dic en\">RIPE<\/span>) \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uc77c\ubd80\ub85c \uc9c4\ud589\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc9c0\ub09c \uc138\uae30 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220\uc740 \uae30\ud558\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc778\uad6c\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc791\ubb3c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uc740 \uc0b0\uc220\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc99d\uac00\ud574 \uae30\uc544\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9b4 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ud1b5\uacc4\uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc790 \uba5c\uc11c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc744 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc88b\uac8c \ube57\ub098\uac00\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc0b4\ucda9\uc81c\ub098 \ube44\ub8cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\uace0 \uad00\uac1c\uc2dc\uc124\uc744 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\ubb3c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uc744 \uc608\uc0c1 \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \u2018\uc81c2\uc758 \ub179\uc0c9\ud601\uba85\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc774\uc81c \ud55c\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub52a\uccd0 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc758 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9 \uc99d\ub300\ub97c \uaf80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc2dd\ubb3c\uc740 \ud587\ube5b, \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\ud0c4\uc18c, \ubb3c\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucd5c\uc885\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0b8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad11\ud569\uc131 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud568\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc544 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc740 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud568\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ud22c\uc785\uc774 \ucee4 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc740 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc791\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc774 \uc801\uac8c\ub294 20%\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uac8c\ub294 50% \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ubcc0\ud615\uc774 \uc26c\uc6b4 \ub2f4\ubc30\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc740 \uc2dd\ubb3c \ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c \ub300\uc2e0 \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc0b0\ud654 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \ub354 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc8fc\uc785\ud574 \uc628\uc2e4\uacfc \uc57c\uc678\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\ubc30, \uad00\ucc30\ud588\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54\ub294 \uacf5\uae30 \uc911 \uc774\uc0b0\ud654\ud0c4\uc18c\ub97c \uace0\uc815\ud574 \uad11\ud569\uc131\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub85c \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54\uac00 \uc0b0\uc18c\uc640 \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uba74 \uc4f8\ubaa8\uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uccb4\ub294 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \ubd80\uc0b0\ubb3c\uc744 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd84\uc790\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub8e8\ube44\uc2a4\ucf54 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc8fc\uc785\ub41c \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc740 \uc628\uc2e4\uacfc \uc57c\uc678 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub354 \ube60\ub974\uace0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc790\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ub410\uc73c\uba70 \ub2f4\ubc30 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\ub3c4 40% \uc774\uc0c1 \ub298\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc \uc624\ub974\ud2b8 \uc77c\ub9ac\ub178\uc774\ub300 \uc2dd\ubb3c\ud559\uacfc \uad50\uc218\ub294 \u201c\uad11\ud638\ud761\uc740 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc774 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 \ub298\ub9ac\ub294\ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uc640 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc18c\ubaa8\ud574 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ub728\ub9b0\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \u201c\uc774\ubc88 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc774\uc2dd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ube44\ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uad11\ud638\ud761\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ub7c9\uc744 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub298\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 \uac83\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.seoul.co.kr\/news\/newsView.php?id=20190104500033&amp;wlog_tag3=naver\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"highwire-cite-title\">Improving crop yield<\/h3>\n<div class=\"article__expandable-area collapsed\">\n<div class=\"article byline byline--article\">\n<div class=\"highwire-markup\">\n<div id=\"content-block-markup\">\n<div class=\"contributors\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is one of the most abundant proteins on Earth. During photosynthesis, it assimilates atmospheric CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0into biomass and hence is a major driver of the global carbon cycle. However, the enzyme is catalytically imperfect. It accepts not only CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0as a substrate, but also O<sub>2<\/sub>, which leads to the formation of a toxic byproduct, 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PGlycolate) (<a id=\"xref-ref-1-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-1\"><em>1<\/em><\/a>). The metabolic pathway photorespiration detoxifies 2-PGlycolate, and it is essential for performing photosynthesis in an O<sub>2<\/sub>-containing atmosphere. Importantly, photorespiration causes a 20 to 50% yield penalty, depending on the environmental conditions and the type of photosynthesis employed (<a id=\"xref-ref-2-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-2\"><em>2<\/em><\/a>). Multiple attempts have been undertaken to overcome this yield penalty and thereby increase biomass production in plants, with limited success to date. On page 45 of this issue, South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0(<a id=\"xref-ref-3-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-3\"><em>3<\/em><\/a>) present a synthetic pathway that fully detoxifies 2-PGlycolate inside plant chloroplasts. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing this pathway show strongly enhanced biomass production in field trials, suggesting that this could be used to improve crop yields.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"highwire-cite-title\"><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"F1\" class=\"fig pos-float type-figure odd figure figure--data\">\n<div class=\"figure__head highwire-figure\">\n<div class=\"fig-inline\"><a class=\"fragment-images colorbox-load highwireFiguresMarkupProcessor-processed cboxElement\" style=\"box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent; color: #37588a; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold;\" title=\"Engineering wasteful photorespiration into a beneficial process The fixation of O2 by RuBisCO in chloroplasts leads to high rates of photorespiration and a concomitant loss of CO2 from mitochondria. A synthetic bypass and the restricted activity of PLGG1 allow metabolism of glycolate with release of CO2 inside of the chloroplasts, which promotes CO2 fixation by RuBisCO and improves yield.\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/sci\/363\/6422\/32\/F1.large.jpg?width=800&amp;height=600&amp;carousel=1\" rel=\"gallery-fragment-images-1834342440\" data-figure-caption=\"&lt;div class=&quot;highwire-markup&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;caption-title&quot;&gt;Engineering wasteful photorespiration into a beneficial process&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;p id=&quot;p-5&quot; class=&quot;first-child&quot;&gt;The fixation of O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; by RuBisCO in chloroplasts leads to high rates of photorespiration and a concomitant loss of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; from mitochondria. A synthetic bypass and the restricted activity of PLGG1 allow metabolism of glycolate with release of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; inside of the chloroplasts, which promotes CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;\/sub&gt; fixation by RuBisCO and improves yield.&lt;\/p&gt;&lt;q class=&quot;attrib&quot; id=&quot;attrib-1&quot;&gt;GRAPHIC: A. KITTERMAN\/&lt;em&gt;SCIENCE&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/q&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;sb-div caption-clear&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" data-icon-position=\"\" data-hide-link-title=\"0\"><span class=\"hw-responsive-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"fragment-image lazyloaded\" src=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/sci\/363\/6422\/32\/F1.medium.gif\" aria-describedby=\"F1-caption\" data-src=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/sci\/363\/6422\/32\/F1.medium.gif\" \/><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"figure__options\">\n<ul class=\"highwire-figure-links\">\n<li class=\"0 first\"><a class=\"highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-download link-icon\" title=\"Download Figure1\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/sci\/363\/6422\/32\/F1.large.jpg?download=true\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i>\u00a0<span class=\"title\">Download high-res image<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"1\"><a class=\"highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-newtab link-icon\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/sci\/363\/6422\/32\/F1.large.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i class=\"fa fa-external-link\"><\/i>\u00a0<span class=\"title\">Open in new tab<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"2 last\"><a class=\"highwire-figure-link highwire-figure-link-ppt link-icon\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/highwire\/powerpoint\/720668\"><i class=\"fa fa-download\"><\/i>\u00a0<span class=\"title\">Download Powerpoint<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption id=\"F1-caption\" class=\"fig-caption attrib\"><span class=\"caption-title\">Engineering wasteful photorespiration into a beneficial process<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-5\" class=\"first-child\">The fixation of O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0by RuBisCO in chloroplasts leads to high rates of photorespiration and a concomitant loss of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0from mitochondria. A synthetic bypass and the restricted activity of PLGG1 allow metabolism of glycolate with release of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0inside of the chloroplasts, which promotes CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0fixation by RuBisCO and improves yield.<\/p>\n<p><q id=\"attrib-1\" class=\"attrib\">GRAPHIC: A. KITTERMAN\/<em>SCIENCE<\/em><\/q><\/p>\n<div class=\"sb-div caption-clear\"><\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"highwire-cite-title\"><\/h3>\n<p id=\"p-6\">Photorespiration is an essential metabolic repair pathway in all organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, from cyanobacteria, through algae, to land plants (<a id=\"xref-ref-2-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-2\"><em>2<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-4-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-4\"><em>4<\/em><\/a>). Core photorespiratory metabolism comprises nine enzymatic steps that are distributed over chloroplast, peroxisome, and mitochondrion within a plant cell. It converts detrimental 2-PGlycolate into the Calvin-Benson cycle intermediate 3-PGlycerate and thereby returns 75% of otherwise unusable carbon to photosynthetic metabolism. However, during this salvage pathway, 25% of previously fixed CO<sub>2<\/sub>gets lost, and energy is consumed (see the figure). Hence, albeit essential, photorespiration is also considered a wasteful and inefficient process (<a id=\"xref-ref-2-3\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-2\"><em>2<\/em><\/a>). Accordingly, photorespiration has been identified as a prime target for engineering to improve crop yields, and diverse strategies have been developed to improve photosynthetic efficiency by reducing photorespiration and\/or enhancing the CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0fixation processes. Some of these attempts are inspired by naturally occurring CO<sub>2<\/sub>-concentrating mechanisms present in, for example, cyanobacteria and algae. Others are based on implementing synthetic metabolic routes to redirect the canonical pathway of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0assimilation and photorespiration (<a id=\"xref-ref-5-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-5\"><em>5<\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-7\">South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0revisited two previously established synthetic bypasses of photorespiration (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-6\"><em>6<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-7-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-7\"><em>7<\/em><\/a>) and tested a newly designed pathway in genetically modified tobacco plants. These pathways aim to completely metabolize the photorespiratory metabolite glycolate, which is generated from 2-PGlycolate by phosphoglycolate phosphatase within the chloroplast. They release CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0close to RuBisCO (not in mitochondria, as in natural photorespiration) to increase the ratio of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0to O<sub>2<\/sub>fixation. Alternative pathway (AP) 1 originates from the bacterium\u00a0<em>Escherichia coli<\/em>\u00a0and uses five enzymes that oxidize glycolate via glyoxylate and tartronic semialdehyde to glycerate (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-6\"><em>6<\/em><\/a>). The second bypass, AP2, uses three enzymes that convert glycolate via glyoxylate and malate to acetyl\u2013coenzyme A (CoA). AP2 also requires the expression of catalase for detoxification of hydrogen peroxide that results from conversion of glycolate to glyoxylate by glycolate oxidase (<a id=\"xref-ref-7-2\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-7\"><em>7<\/em><\/a>). AP1 and AP2 were previously shown to increase biomass (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-3\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-6\"><em>6<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-7-3\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-7\"><em>7<\/em><\/a>). AP3 was newly designed by South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0In AP3, only two transgenes had to be introduced into the plant chloroplast: a glycolate dehydrogenase that converts glycolate into glyoxylate derived from the green alga\u00a0<em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii<\/em>\u00a0was redirected to tobacco chloroplasts, and similar to AP2, a malate synthase was expressed to convert glyoxylate to malate and eventually to acetyl-CoA via the native chloroplast-resident nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)\u2013malic enzyme (see the figure). Using the green algal glycolate dehydrogenase instead of plant glycolate oxidase prevents production of hydrogen peroxide, and hence additional expression of catalase is unnecessary.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-8\">Two important differences from the original pathway designs (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-4\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-6\"><em>6<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-7-4\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-7\"><em>7<\/em><\/a>) represent major advances. Besides introducing a synthetic bypass, South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0also reduced the expression of PLASTIDIAL GLYCOLATE\/GLYCERATE TRANSPORTER 1 (PLGG1) (<a id=\"xref-ref-8-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-8\"><em>8<\/em><\/a>). This modification was suggested previously (<a id=\"xref-ref-9-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-9\"><em>9<\/em><\/a>) to increase the potential of synthetic bypasses, because it restricts the export of glycolate from chloroplasts and hence promotes its consumption by the synthetic bypass. A larger portion of glycolate is decarboxylated within the chloroplast by the synthetically engineered bypass, leading to enhanced CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0fixation activity of RuBisCO. This comes with an impressive yield gain of more than 40%. Importantly, yield improvements positively correlated with the expression levels of the introduced enzymes, which highlights the importance of high and balanced expression of the transgenes. Typical annual yield gains in crop breeding are below 2%; hence, the synthetic pathway holds potential for a step change in yield improvement by genetic modification of crops. In contrast to earlier work (<a id=\"xref-ref-6-5\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-6\"><em>6<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-7-5\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-7\"><em>7<\/em><\/a>), the pathways were introduced into the model crop tobacco, which was investigated not only in growth chambers and greenhouses, but also in field trials. Thus, the yield gains manifested in an agriculturally relevant scenario and not only in controlled environments.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-9\">Importantly, the synthetic pathways open new avenues for reevaluating long-standing hypotheses regarding the importance of photorespiration beyond detoxification of 2-PGlycolate. Photorespiration is considered indispensable for photosynthesis in an O<sub>2<\/sub>-containing atmosphere, and mutants defective in photorespiration can only survive in a high-CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0atmosphere (<a id=\"xref-ref-10-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-10\"><em>10<\/em><\/a>). Genetic suppressor screens on such mutants have been unsuccessful to date. The study of South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>demonstrates that a photorespiratory phenotype (repression of\u00a0<em>PLGG1<\/em>) can be suppressed by metabolic engineering. The true reason or reasons for the indispensability of photorespiratory metabolism are intensely debated and include the detoxification of 2-PGlycolate; carbon salvage; biosynthesis of the amino acids glycine and serine (<a id=\"xref-ref-11-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-11\"><em>11<\/em><\/a>); generation of activated C1-units; and protection from photoinhibition and dissipation of excess excitation energy (<a id=\"xref-ref-2-4\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-2\"><em>2<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-12-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-12\"><em>12<\/em><\/a>,\u00a0<a id=\"xref-ref-13-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-13\"><em>13<\/em><\/a>). The work of South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0indicates that plant metabolism adapts to the synthetic pathways and compensates for reduced flux through the peroxisomal and mitochondrial parts of native photorespiration. This implies that 2-PGlycolate detoxification and carbon recycling are the critical functions of photorespiration.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-10\">Recently, the optimization of a mechanism that protects plants from excess light, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), which is dissipation of excess excitation energy as heat, afforded appreciable yield gains (<a id=\"xref-ref-14-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1#ref-14\"><em>14<\/em><\/a>). It is important to test whether a combination of engineered photorespiration with optimization of NPQ will enable additive yield gains. Realizing the yield gains afforded by the synthetic bypass in crops will require genetic engineering because the required enzymes are not present in plant genomes and hence cannot be targeted by breeding or genome editing technologies.<\/p>\n<div id=\"license-1\" class=\"license\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/32?rss=1\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Fixing photosynthetic inefficiencies<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\">In some of our most useful crops (such as rice and wheat), photosynthesis produces toxic by-products that reduce its efficiency. Photorespiration deals with these by-products, converting them into metabolically useful components, but at the cost of energy lost. South\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0constructed a metabolic pathway in transgenic tobacco plants that more efficiently recaptures the unproductive by-products of photosynthesis with less energy lost (see the Perspective by Eisenhut and Weber). In field trials, these transgenic tobacco plants were \u223c40% more productive than wild-type tobacco plants.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-2\"><em>Science<\/em>, this issue p.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aat9077\">eaat9077<\/a>; see also p.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aav8979\">32<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"license-1\" class=\"license\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(\uc6d0\ubb38: <a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/363\/6422\/39.13?rss=1\">\uc5ec\uae30<\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300 &#8220;\ub2f4\ubc30\uc5d0 \uad11\ud638\ud761 \ub300\uc0ac\uacbd\ub85c \uc870\uc808 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc8fc\uc785\u00b7\uc7ac\ubc30 \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uc131\uacf5&#8221; &nbsp; \ubbf8\uad6d \uc5f0\uad6c\ud300\uc774 \uc2dd\ubb3c\uc758 \uad11\ud569\uc131 \ud6a8\uc728\uc774 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class=\"more-link\">(more&#8230;)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[42,44,38,33,34,29,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-06---07---","category-10------11--","category-38","category-do-biology","category-lets-do-chemistry","category-lets-do-science","category-recent-science-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":2900,"url":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=2900","url_meta":{"origin":2412,"position":0},"title":"&#8216;\uce58\ub9e4 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\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc2dd\ud488","author":"biochemistry","date":"June 6, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 \uc544\ucfe0\uc544\ubc14\uc6b4\ud2f0, \uc778\ub514\uc560\ub098\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc591\uc2dd \uc2dc\uc791\u2026\ub0b4\ub144 \ub9d0 \uc2dc\ud310 \uc608\uc815 \uc131\uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ubcc0\ud615 \uc5f0\uc5b4(\uc67c\ucabd)\uc640 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc5f0\uc5b4 [\uc544\ucfe0\uc544\ubc14\uc6b4\ud2f0] \u00a0 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc870\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \ud488\uc885\uc744 \uac1c\ub7c9\ud55c \uc2dd\uc6a9 \uc5f0\uc5b4\uac00 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc5d0 \uc624\ub97c \ub0a0\uc774 \uba38\uc9c0\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2dd\ud488\uc758\uc57d\uccad(FDA)\uc740 31\uc77c(\ud604\uc9c0\uc2dc\uac04), \uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559\uae30\uc5c5 '\uc544\ucfe0\uc544\ubc14\uc6b4\ud2f0 \ud14c\ud06c\ub180\ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4'(AquaBounty\u00a0Technologies)\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ubcc0\ud615(GMO) \uc5f0\uc5b4 \uc0c1\uc5c5\ud654\ub97c \uacf5\uc2dd 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