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<\/div>\n<\/div>Gregory Winter (left), Frances Arnold and George Smith share this year\u2019s Nobel Prize in Chemistry.<\/span>Credit: L\u2013R: Aga Machaj; Caltech; Univ. Missouri-Columbia<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n <\/p>\n Ways to speed up and control the evolution of proteins to produce greener technologies and new medicines have won three scientists the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.<\/p>\n Chemical engineer Frances Arnold, at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, is just the second woman to win the prize in the past 50 years. She was awarded half of the 9-million-Swedish-krona (US$1 million) pot. The remaining half was shared between Gregory Winter at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK, and George Smith at the University of Missouri in Columbia.<\/p>\n Arnold carried out pioneering work in the 1990s on \u2018directed evolution\u2019 of enzymes. She devised a method for inducing mutations in enzyme-producing bacteria and then screening and selecting the bacteria to speed up and direct enzyme evolution. These enzymes, proteins that catalyse chemical reactions, are now used in applications from making biofuels to synthesizing medical drugs.<\/p>\n \u201cBiology has this one process that\u2019s responsible for all this glorious complexity we see in nature,\u201d she told\u00a0Nature\u00a0<\/i>shortly after the prize announcement on 3 October. But although nature operates blindly, scientists know what chemical properties they want to get from an enzyme, and her techniques accelerate natural selection towards those goals. \u201cIt\u2019s like breeding a racehorse.\u201d<\/p>\n In 1985, Smith pioneered a method known as phage display. The technique uses a bacteriophage \u2014 a virus that infects bacteria \u2014 as a host that displays a protein on its outer coat, allowing researchers to find other molecules that interact with the protein. Winter developed and improved this technology, and invented ways to use it to evolve antibodies adapted for use as human therapeutics. Today, antibodies evolved using this method can neutralize toxins and counteract autoimmune diseases.<\/p>\n The first humanized antibody, called adalimumab (Humira), was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology \u2014 a company that Winter co-founded in 1989 \u2014 and was approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis in 2002. It is also used to treat psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. In 2017, it was the\u00a0world\u2019s top-selling drug<\/a>, generating revenues of $18.4 billion.<\/p>\n Scepticism abounded when the company was founded, says co-founder David Chiswell, and it struggled to find investors. \u201cIt was one of the earliest generations of European biotechs,\u201d says Chiswell, who is now chief executive of Kymab, an antibody company also in Cambridge. \u201cIt was exciting times because we didn\u2019t know what we were doing. And nobody in the world believed that antibodies were really good.\u201d<\/p>\n Arnold also faced an uphill battle when she put forward the idea of evolving proteins in the lab, says Dane Wittrup, a protein engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. At the time, researchers thought that they would be able to sit down at a computer and rationally design proteins to carry out specific functions. \u201cIt was counter-cultural at the time,\u201d he says. \u201cBut now, by and large, directed evolution is how the work is done.\u201d<\/p>\n Nicholas Turner, an organic chemist at the University of Manchester, UK, agrees. \u201cPretty much every enzyme that is used for commercial-scale application will have been through some form of directed evolution,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n Winter\u00a0previously told\u00a0Nature Biotechnology<\/i><\/a>\u00a0that he was lucky because the Laboratory of Molecular Biology had given him \u201ccarte blanche\u201d to get on with his work without distinguishing between pure and applied science. \u201cIt would have been very difficult to have made my inventions on classic grant funding (it would have been seen as too applied) or on industry money (it would have been seen as too early, and anyway most companies weren’t interested in antibodies at the beginning),\u201d he said.<\/p>\n When asked about the impact of Brexit on UK science during a press conference on 3 October, Winter expressed some optimism. \u201cSo long as it\u2019s not made difficult for us or more difficult than it is in the moment, then I think it won\u2019t be too much of a problem,\u201d he said. But, he added, if it becomes difficult to bring in top-ranked researchers from the rest of Europe, the outlook could be grim. \u201cWe need to stress to the government that they could end up killing a lot of UK science,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Winter also said that his drive to push his research out of the laboratory and into the clinic came from an early encounter with a woman with cancer who had received an early, experimental version of one of his humanized antibodies against a cancer-related protein. When Winter warned her that the effects of the therapy might not last, she told him not to worry: she only needed to live for a few more months, so that she could help her dying husband. \u201cI was so choked by that,\u201d Winter says..<\/p>\n During the prize announcement, Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry 2018, noted the benefits of the researchers\u2019 work for humanity: \u201cOur laureates have applied principles of Darwin in the test tubes, and used this approach to develop new types of chemicals for the greatest benefit of humankind.\u201d<\/p>\n Before Arnold, the last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was\u00a0Ada Yonath<\/a>, a crystallographer at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, who won in 2009 for mapping the structure of the ribosome, which generates proteins from the genetic code in cells. Before her, the most recent woman to win was crystallographer Dorothy Hodgkin, in 1964. Arnold is just the fifth female winner in the prize\u2019s history. In 2016, she\u00a0won the Millennium Technology Prize<\/a>\u00a0for her research.<\/p>\n Arnold was \u201cstunned\u201d when she received the call from Stockholm in the middle of the night. \u201cIt took me a minute to collect my wits.\u201d She says that she realized early on how powerful her methods could be. \u201cIt was clear to me right away, but not yet to the rest of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n And her favourite applications of directed evolution have yet to be realized. One of her dreams is to create an enzyme that can take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it to materials and fuels.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n https:\/\/news.naver.com\/main\/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&oid=025&aid=0002853903&sid1=001&lfrom=memo<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc740 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \ud654\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e0\uc57d\uacfc \ubc14\uc774\uc624 \uc5f0\ub8cc \ub4f1\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3cc\uc544\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uc655\ub9bd\uacfc\ud559\uc6d0 \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 3\uc77c(\ud604\uc9c0\uc2dc\uac04) \ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub180\ub4dc(62\u318d\uc5ec) \ubbf8\uad6d \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uacf5\ub300(\uce7c\ud14d) \uad50\uc218\uc640 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4(79) \ubbf8\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub300 \uba85\uc608\uad50\uc218, \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac P. \uc708\ud130(67) \uc601\uad6d \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub300 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub97c \uc62c\ud574\uc758 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub85c \uc120\uc815\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \uad50\uc218\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c\uc758 \uc720\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud654(directed<\/span>\u00a0evolution<\/span>\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0enzymes<\/span>)\ub97c, \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4 \uad50\uc218\uc640 \uc708\ud130 \ubc15\uc0ac\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\uc640 \ud3a9\ud0c0\uc774\ub4dc\uc758 \ud30c\uc9c0 \uc804\uc2dc(phage<\/span>\u00a0display<\/span>\u00a0of<\/span>\u00a0peptides<\/span>\u00a0and<\/span>\u00a0antibodies<\/span>)\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud55c \uacf5\ub85c\ub85c \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc758 \uc601\uc608\ub97c \uc548\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294\u201c2018\ub144 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\ub958\ub97c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc774\ub86d\uac8c \ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4(control<\/span>)\ud558\uace0 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \ub610 \u201c\uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c4\ud654\uc758 \ud798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uac10\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uace0 \uc720\uc804\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\uc640 \uc120\ud0dd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc778\ub958\uc758 \ud654\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc870\uc720\ud76c \ucc28\uc758\uacfc\ub300 \uad50\uc218\ub294\u201c\uc774\ubc88 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d\uba70\u201c\ub958\ub9c8\ud2f0\uc2a4 \uad00\uc808\uc5fc \ub4f1 \uc790\uac00\uba74\uc5ed \uc9c8\ud658\uc744 \uce58\ub8cc\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uc57d \ud734\ubbf8\ub77c\uac00 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\u201d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud734\ubbf8\ub77c\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc81c\uc57d\uc0ac \uc560\ube0c\ube44\uac00 2002\ub144 \uc120\ubcf4\uc778 \ube14\ub85d\ubc84\uc2a4\ud130 \uc2e0\uc57d\uc774\ub2e4. \ud734\ubbf8\ub77c\uc758 \uc5f0\uac04 \ub9e4\ucd9c\uc740 \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c 184\uc5b52700\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec(20\uc8706300\uc5b5\uc6d0)\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \ud314\ub9b0 \ucc98\ubc29\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \uaf3d\ud78c\ub2e4. \ub958\ub9c8\ud2f0\uc2a4 \uad00\uc808\uc5fc\uc774\ub098 \uada4\uc591\uc131 \ub300\uc7a5\uc5fc, \uac15\uc9c1 \ucc99\ucd94\uc5fc \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud55c\ud3b8 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \uad50\uc218\ub294 9\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \uc5ec\uc131 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \ub410\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub9ac \ud034\ub9ac(1911\ub144 \uc218\uc0c1), \uc544\ub2e4 \uc694\ub098\ud2b8(2009\ub144 \uc218\uc0c1) \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \uc5ed\ub300 \ub2e4\uc12f \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc5ec\uc131 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \ub410\ub2e4. \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \uad50\uc218\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud55c \ubc14\uc774\uc624 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc0dd\uc131 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 2005\ub144 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc81c\ubcf4(gevo<\/span>)\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ucc3d\uc5c5\uc790\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 1\uc77c \uc0dd\ub9ac\uc758\ud559\uc0c1\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c 2\uc77c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc0c1, 3\uc77c \ud654\ud559\uc0c1, 5\uc77c \ud3c9\ud654\uc0c1, 8\uc77c \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc62c\ud574\ub294 \u2018\ubbf8\ud22c\u2019(Me<\/span>\u00a0Too<\/span>) \ud30c\ubb38 \ub17c\ub780\uc73c\ub85c \ubb38\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub294 1949\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 69\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc120\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc2dc\uc0c1\uc2dd\uc740 \uc54c\ud504\ub808\ud2b8 \ub178\ubca8\uc758 \uae30\uc77c\uc778 12\uc6d4 10\uc77c \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uc2a4\ud1a1\ud640\ub984(\uc0dd\ub9ac\uc758\ud559\u318d\ubb3c\ub9ac\u318d\ud654\ud559\u318d\uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc0c1)\uacfc \ub178\ub974\uc6e8\uc774 \uc624\uc2ac\ub85c(\ud3c9\ud654\uc0c1)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b4 \uc608\uc815\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1 \uba54\ub2ec\uacfc \uc99d\uc11c, 900\ub9cc \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \ud06c\ub85c\ub098(\uc57d 11\uc5b53000\ub9cc\uc6d0)\uc758 \uc0c1\uae08\uc774 \uc218\uc5ec\ub41c\ub2e4. 900\ub9cc \ud06c\ub85c\ub098 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \uad50\uc218\uac00, \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \uc808\ubc18\uc740 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4 \uad50\uc218\uc640 \uc708\ud130 \ubc15\uc0ac\uac00 \ub098\ub220 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc9c0\ub09c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc740 \uc6a9\uc561 \ub0b4 \uc0dd\uccb4\ubd84\uc790\ub97c \uace0\ud654\uc9c8\ub85c \uc601\uc0c1\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc800\uc628\uc804\uc790 \ud604\ubbf8\uacbd \uad00\ucc30 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc790\ud06c \ub4a4\ubcf4\uc170(\uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4), \uc694\uc544\ud798 \ud504\ub791\ud06c(\ub3c5\uc77c\u318d\ubbf8\uad6d), \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc \ud5e8\ub354\uc2a8(\uc601\uad6d)\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc218\uc0c1\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.hani.co.kr\/arti\/science\/science_general\/864463.html<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n [\uadf8\ub9bc\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 2018 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1]\u3000<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n \ubbf8\uad6d\u00b7\uc601\uad6d \uc0dd\ud654\ud559\uc790 3\uba85 \uc218\uc0c1 \uc601\uc608<\/p>\n \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544-\ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uace0<\/p>\n \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ub3cc\uc5f0\ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uc120\ubcc4 \uacfc\uc815 \ub418\ud480\uc774<\/p>\n \ud6a8\uc18c\uc640 \ud56d\uccb4 \ubd84\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc9c4\ud654 \uc774\ub904<\/p>\n \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5f0\ub8cc, \ud56d\uccb4\uc57d\ubb3c \ub4f1 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec<\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc758 \uc601\uc608\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ub3cc\uc5f0\ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uc790\uc5f0\uc120\ud0dd\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c4\ud654\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc751\uc6a9\ud574 \uc758\uc57d\uacfc \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ud6a8\uc18c\uc640 \ud56d\uccb4 \ubd84\uc790\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uc5f0 3\uba85\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\ud55c\ud14c \ub3cc\uc544\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \uc655\ub9bd\uacfc\ud559\uc6d0 \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 3\uc77c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc5c5\uc801\uc744 \uc774\ub8ec \uacf5\ub85c\ub85c \ubbf8\uad6d \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uacf5\ub300\uc758 \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc(62) \uad50\uc218\uc640 \ubbf8\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub300\uc758 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4(77) \uad50\uc218, \uc601\uad6d \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub300 \ubd84\uc790\uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc758 \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac \uc708\ud130(67) \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc744\u00a0\ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub85c \uc120\uc815\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1c\ud45c<\/span>\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc124\uba85\uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc3d\uc548\ud55c \uae30\ubc95 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b1 \ud6a8\uc728\uc774 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc815\uad50\ud55c \ud6a8\uc18c\uc640 \ud56d\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc838 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5f0\ub8cc\uc640 \uc758\uc57d \ub4f1 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub110\ub9ac \uc4f0\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc804\ud588\ub2e4. \ud6a8\uc18c\uc640 \ud56d\uccb4\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ubc1c\ud604\ud558\uc5ec \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc758 \uc77c\uc885\uc778\ub370, \ud6a8\uc18c\ub294 \uc138\ud3ec \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud654\ud559 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ub9e4\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ucd09\ub9e4\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \ud56d\uccb4\ub294 \ud56d\uc6d0\uacfc \ud2b9\uc774\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubab8\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uba74\uc5ed \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\uc0c1 \uc5c5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uaf3d\uc740 \u2018\uc720\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud654\u2019\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uc790\uc5f0\uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud604\ud574 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uc0dd\uccb4 \ubd84\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ub370 \uc751\uc6a9\ud588\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uc120\ubcc4 \uac70\ub4ed\u2026\ud6a8\uc18c\ubd84\uc790\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654<\/b> \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud574\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc\uac00 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud574 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ud6a8\uc18c \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc758 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ub3cc\uc5f0\ubcc0\uc774\uc640 \uc120\ubcc4\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud6a8\uc18c \ubd84\uc790\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \uc720\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ucd08\uae30 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc544\ub110\ub4dc\ub294 \u2018\uc11c\ube0c\ud2f8\ub9ac\uc2e0\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c \ubd84\uc790\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uace0, \uadf8 \ub3cc\uc5f0\ubcc0\uc774 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc5b4 \uc218\ucc9c \uac00\uc9c0\uc758 \uc11c\ube0c\ud2f8\ub9ac\uc2e0 \ud6a8\uc18c \ubcc0\uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd09\ub9e4 \ubc18\uc751\uc774 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc744 \uc120\ubcc4\ud574\ub0c8\uace0, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc120\ubcc4\ub41c \ud6a8\uc18c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc81c2\uc138\ub300 \ubcc0\uc774 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6a8\ub2a5\uc774 \ub354 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \ud6a8\uc18c\ub97c \uc120\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub418\ud480\uc774\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 3\uc138\ub300\ub97c \uac70\uce5c \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \ud6a8\uc18c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud654\ud559\ubc18\uc751 \ucd09\ub9e4 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 256\ubc30\ub098 \ucee4\uc9c4 \uc9c4\ud654\ub41c \ud6a8\uc18c \ubd84\uc790\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc758 \uc2dc\ud5d8\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud604\ud55c \u2018\uc720\ub3c4\ub41c \uc9c4\ud654\u2019\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc720\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud654 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\uace0, \uc774\uc81c\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5f0\ub8cc \uc0dd\uc0b0\uacfc \uc81c\uc57d \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud6a8\uc18c \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uae30\ubc95\uc774 \uc751\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ucc3e\uae30<\/b> \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc548\ub41c \uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1980\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc774 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uac04\ud3b8\ud558\uac8c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud574\ub0b4\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uace0\uc548\ud574\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uacfc \ub9e4\uce6d \ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ub370 \uc774\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \ucea1\uc290\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \u2018\ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\u2019 \uc870\uac01\uc744 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc740 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub294 \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \ucea1\uc290 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ubc1c\ud604\ud574 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc758 \uaecd\uc9c8 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ud3a9\ud0c0\uc774\ub4dc(\uc791\uc740 \uaddc\ubaa8 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8)\ub85c \ub178\ucd9c\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc5b4 \ubc1c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \ud3a9\ud0c0\uc774\ub4dc\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0a0 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \ud3a9\ud0c0\uc774\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\ub294 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \ubbf8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6a9\uc561\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ub123\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud574\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \ud56d\uccb4\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\uc740 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc744 \uc18e\uc544\ub0b8\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ubbf8 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud56d\uccb4\uc640 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\uc740 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uac04\ud3b8\ud558\uace0 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc2dd\ubcc4\ud574\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc57d\ubb3c\ud45c\uc801\uc758 \ud56d\uccb4\ubd84\uc790 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\uace0 \uc9c4\ud654 \uc774\ub04c\uae30\u00a0<\/b> \uc2e0\uc57d\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub358 \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac \uc708\ud130\ub294 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4\uc758 \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub418 \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \ucea1\uc290 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ubb34\uc218\ud788 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud56d\uccb4\uc758 \uc720\uc804\uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \ud56d\uccb4\uc758 \uc720\uc804 \uc815\ubcf4\ub294 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \ucea1\uc290 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ubc1c\ud604\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0 \ud56d\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\uc704\uc778 \u2018\ud56d\uc6d0 \uacb0\ud569 \uc9c0\uc810\u2019\uc774 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc758 \uaecd\uc9c8 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \uc798 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud56d\uccb4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\ub4e4\uc744 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ub2ec\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc57d\ubb3c \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc7a5\uc810\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac\ub294 1994\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ubb34\uc218\ud788 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud6c4\ubcf4 \ud56d\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc554\uc138\ud3ec\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud2b9\uc774\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ub370 \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4\uac00 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \ud6a8\uc18c \ubd84\uc790\uc758 \uc720\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud654 \uae30\ubc95\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d\ubb3c \ud45c\uc801\uacfc \uc798 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \uc18e\uc544\ub0b8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uadf8 \ud56d\uccb4\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ubb34\uc791\uc704 \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0b4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub354 \uc798 \ub2ec\ub77c\ubd99\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4 \ubd84\uc790\uc758 \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \uc720\ub3c4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74\uc11c \uc57d\ubb3c \ud45c\uc801\uc5d0 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ub354 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \uacb0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uae38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\ub7f0 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc57d\ubb3c \uc5f0\uad6c\uae30\ubc95 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc790\uac00\uba74\uc5ed\uc9c8\ud658\uc758 \uce58\ub8cc\uc81c\uc640 \ud56d\uc554 \uce58\ub8cc\uc81c\ub85c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \u201c\uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uae30\ubc95\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac \uc138\uacc4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec \ud658\uacbd\uce5c\ud654\uc801\uc778 \ud654\ud559\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc744 \uc9c4\ud765\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\uba70 \uc9c0\uc18d\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ubc14\uc774\uc624\uc5f0\ub8cc\ub97c \uc81c\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uba70 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc4f0\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\u201d\uba70 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790 \uc120\uc815 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n http:\/\/dongascience.donga.com\/news\/view\/24273<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc774\uc0c1\uc5fd \ud2b9\ud6c8\uad50\uc218.\u00a0KAIST<\/span>\u00a0\uc81c\uacf5.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uacfc \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc740 \uc138\ud3ec\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub204\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ud06c\ub098 \uac70\ubbf8\uc758 \uc2e4\ud06c \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uad6c\uc870\ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8, \uc138\ud3ec \ub0b4 \ubc18\uc751\uc744 \ucd09\uc9c4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ub728\ub9ac\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c, \uba74\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc5d0\uc120 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc131 \uc694\uc18c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n DNA<\/span>\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\u00a0RNA<\/span>\uac00 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uadf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\u00a0DNA<\/span>\uc11c\uc5f4\uc5d0 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uba74 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \uc11c\uc5f4\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\ub294\u00a0DNA<\/span>\uc5d0 \ubcc0\uc774(\ud639\uc740 \ubcf5\uc81c\uc2dc \uc624\ub958)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubcc0\ud615\ub41c \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubcc0\uc774 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc138\ud3ec\ub098 \uadf8 \uc138\ud3ec\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc911 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud658\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354 \uc798 \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\ub85c \uc9c4\ud654\ud574\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n 1970\ub144\ub300 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc7ac\uc870\ud569 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc778\uac04 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub300\ub7c9\uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub410\uace0 1990\ub144\ub300 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc138\ud3ec\uc758 \ub300\uc0ac\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uc7ac\uc124\uacc4\ud574 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ud654\ud559\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\ub2e4. \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0\uc120 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub97c \uc798 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc138\ud3ec \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc815\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\ud604\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc790\uc5f0\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc720\uc6a9 \uc5f0\ub8cc, \uace0\ubd84\uc790, \uc6a9\ub9e4, \uc758\uc57d\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud654\ud559\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ud6a8\uc18c\uc758 \uc131\ub2a5\uc774\ub098 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4. \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc744 \uc218\uc0c1\ud55c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uae30\uc220\ub4e4, \uc989 \u2018\uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654(directed<\/span>evolution<\/span>)\u2019\uacfc \u2018\ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774(phage<\/span>\u00a0display<\/span>)\u2019\uae30\uc220\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790 \uc911 \ud55c \uba85\uc778 \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc \ubbf8\uad6d \uce98\ub9ac\ud3ec\ub2c8\uc544\uacf5\ub300 \uad50\uc218\uac00 \uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc2dc\uc810\uc740 \uc70c\ub818 \ud54c \uc2a4\ud14c\uba38(Willem<\/span>\u00a0Pim<\/span>\u00a0Stemmer<\/span>) \ubc15\uc0ac(2013\ub144 \uc791\uace0)\uac00\u00a0DNA<\/span>\u00a0\uc154\ud50c\ub9c1(DNA<\/span>shuffling<\/span>)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc2dc\uc810\uacfc \uacf5\uad50\ub86d\uac8c \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \ub450 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654\uc5d0 \ud68d\uae30\uc801\uc778 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub450 \uae30\uc220 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uccad\uc0ac\uc9c4\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294\u00a0DNA<\/span>\u00a0\uc11c\uc5f4\uc744 \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\ub974\uac8c, \ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\ub958\ub85c \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc2dc\ud0a8 \ud6c4 \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0, \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uac80\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc774\ub2e4. \uc790\uc5f0 \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc5bb\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \uc885\ub958\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0bc \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ub192\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd80\uc704\ub9cc\uc744 \uc9d1\uc911\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc918\uc11c \ucc3e\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c4\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae30\uc220\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\ub2e4. \u2018\uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654\u2019\ub294 \ud544\uc790\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc774 \ub410\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uccb4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774\ub098 \uadf8 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud654\ud559\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774\ub098 \uc758\uc57d\ud488 \ub4f1 \uc720\uc6a9\ubb3c\uc9c8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc14\uc774\uc624 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4 \ub54c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \uae30\uc220\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc758 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uc778 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubbf8\uc8fc\ub9ac\ub300 \uad50\uc218\uc640 \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac \uc708\ud130 \uacbd(\uc601\uad6d \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub300 \uad50\uc218)\uc774 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c ‘\ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774’\uae30\uc220\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uc9c0(\ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0 \uc57d\uc790)\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dd\ubb3c\uc138\ud3ec\ub97c \uac10\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ucc98\ub7fc \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \uac10\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \ubcf5\uc81c\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ucc98\ub7fc \uc219\uc8fc\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud55c\ub370 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc219\uc8fc\uc138\ud3ec\uac00 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ud3b8\uc9d1 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\uc11c \uac01\uad11\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud37c(CRISPR<\/span>)\uae30\uc220\uc740 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\uac00 \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \uac10\uc5fc\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc29\uc5b4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc791\ub3d9\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758\u00a0DNA<\/span>\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucf54\ub529\ub418\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \ud45c\uba74\ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud45c\uba74\ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc11c\uc5f4\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud574\uc11c \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74 \ud30c\uc9c0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ubb54\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub978\ucc44 \ubc1c\ud604\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc7ac\uc870\ud569\ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8\uc774 \ud30c\uc9c0\uc758 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc911 \ud56d\uc6d0\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\uc704\ub97c \ucf54\ub529\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \ud568\uaed8 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74 \uadf8 \ud56d\uccb4\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \ud30c\uc9c0 \ud45c\uba74\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud604\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \uc11c\uc5f4\uc744 \u2018\uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654\u2019 \uacbd\uc6b0\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\ub958\ub85c \ubcc0\uc774\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4 \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud56d\uc6d0\uc778\uc2dd \ud56d\uccb4 \ubd80\uc704\ub97c \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \uac80\uc0ac\ud574\uc11c \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc2e4\uc81c \uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc368\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud56d\uccb4\uc758\uc57d\ud488\uc778 \uc544\ub2ec\ub9ac\ubb34\ub9d9(\uc0c1\ud45c\uba85 \ud734\ubbf8\ub77c)\uc740 \ub958\ub9c8\ud2f0\uc2a4 \uad00\uc808\uc5fc \uac19\uc740 \uba74\uc5ed\uc9c8\ud658\uc744 \uce58\ub8cc\ud558\ub294 \ube14\ub85d\ubc84\uc2a4\ud130 \uc0dd\ubb3c\uc758\uc57d\ud488\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud070 \ud68d\uc744 \uadf8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774 \uae30\uc220\uc740 \uadf8\ud6c4 \ud544\uc790\ub3c4 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud574\uc628 \uc138\ud3ec\ud45c\uba74\ubc1c\ud604(cell<\/span>\u00a0surface<\/span>\u00a0display<\/span>)\uae30\uc220 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc2e0\ud558\uba70 \u2018\uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654\u2019\uae30\uc220\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc0dd\uba85\uacf5\ud559 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0\uc11c \ub110\ub9ac \ud65c\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n \uc62c\ud574 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud574 \uc628 \ud544\uc790\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uac10\ud68c\uac00 \ub0a8\ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uc720\ub3c4\uc9c4\ud654 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud55c \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc \uad50\uc218\uac00 \uad6d\uc81c\ud559\ud68c\uc640 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc790\ubb38\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \uce5c\uad6c\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud544\uc790\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud654\ud559\uacf5\ud559\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \ub73b\uae4a\ub2e4. \ubc1c\ud45c\uac00 \ub098\ub294 \uc21c\uac04 \ub300\uc0ac\uacf5\ud559\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubc24\ub0ae\uc5c6\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc81c\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \uc81c\uc77c \uba3c\uc800 \ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uba38\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub790\ub2e4. \u201c\ub098\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294 \uc81c\uc790\ub4e4, \ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \ub108\ud76c\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \ub098\uc62c \uac83\ub9cc \uac19\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ud504\ub780\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \ubc15\uc0ac\uc758 1998\ub144 Accounts of Chemical Research<\/em> \ub17c\ubb38:\u00a0\uc5ec\uae30<\/u><\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~<\/p>\n <\/p>\n ETH\uc758 \ub3c4\ub110\ub4dc \ud790\ubc84\ud2b8 \ubc15\uc0ac\uc758 2018\ub144 Annual Reviews of Biochemistry<\/em>\u00a0\ub17c\ubb38:\u00a0\uc5ec\uae30<\/u><\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \ud654\ud559\uacf5\ud559\uc18c\uc7ac\uc5f0\uad6c\uc815\ubcf4\uc13c\ud130\uc5d0 \uacf5\uac1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \ud55c\uae00 \uc124\uba85 \ub17c\ubb38:\u00a0\uc5ec\uae30<\/u><\/a>\ub97c \ud074\ub9ad\ud558\uc138\uc694~<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Antibody breakthrough<\/h6>\n
Cold reception<\/h6>\n
Female laureates<\/h6>\n
\uc9c0\ub09c\ud574\ub9cc 20\uc870\uc6d0 \ud314\ub9b0 \uc2e0\uc57d \ud734\ubbf8\ub77c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uae30\ucd08 \uc5f0\uad6c…2018 \ub178\ubca8 \ud654\ud559\uc0c1 \uc218\uc0c1<\/h5>\n
![](\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/025\/2018\/10\/03\/0002853903_001_20181004063730491.jpg?type=w647\")
<\/span><\/div>\n\uc2dc\ud5d8\uad00 \uc18d \uc9c4\ud654\uc6d0\ub9ac, \uac12\uc9c4 \uc0dd\uccb4\ubd84\uc790 \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4 – 2018 \ub178\ubca8\ud654\ud559\uc0c1<\/h5>\n
![](\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/028\/2018\/10\/04\/0002427259_001_20181004193006652.JPG?type=w647\")
<\/span><\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/028\/2018\/10\/04\/0002427259_002_20181004193006670.JPG?type=w647\")
<\/span><\/p>\n
\nwww<\/span>.nobelprize<\/span>.org<\/span>\/prizes<\/span>\/chemistry<\/span>\/2018\u00a0\u25b6\ubc14\ub85c\uac00\uae30<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uc544\ub110\ub4dc\ub294 \ubbf8\uc0dd\ubb3c\uc778 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc0dd\ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \ub354 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \ud6a8\uc18c \ubd84\uc790\ub97c \ub2e4\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uae38\uc744 \uac1c\ucc99\ud588\ub2e4. \uc544\ub110\ub4dc\ub294 1990\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubd80\ud130 \ud6a8\uc18c\uc758 \ubd84\uc790 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac1c\ub7c9\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ud654\ud559\ubc18\uc751\uacfc \uc9c4\ud654\uc758 \uba54\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf1c \ub354 \ub098\uc740 \ud6a8\uc18c\ub97c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub358 \ud654\ud559 \uacf5\uc815\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n![](\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/028\/2018\/10\/04\/0002427259_003_20181004193006690.JPG?type=w647\")
<\/span><\/p>\n
\n\ub2e4\ub978 \uc218\uc0c1\uc790\uc778 \uc870\uc9c0 \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4\uc640 \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac \uc708\ud130\ub294 \uadfc\ub798\uc5d0 \ud56d\uccb4 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc4f0\uc774\ub294 \u2018\ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\ubc95\uc744 \ucc3d\uc548\ud558\uace0 \uc751\uc6a9, \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uacf5\ub85c\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \u2018\ud30c\uc9c0(\ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0)\u2019\ub294 \ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \uac10\uc5fc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294\ub370, \ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774\ub294 \uc774 \ubc14\uc774\ub7ec\uc2a4\uc758 \ubcf8\ub798 \uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0\ub2e4 \uc5f0\uad6c \ub300\uc0c1 \uc720\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uace0\uc11c \ubc1c\ud604\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc2e4\ud5d8 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\ubc1c\ub410\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\n\ubc15\ud14c\ub9ac\uc624\ud30c\uc9c0\uc640 \ud56d\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc2a4\ubbf8\uc2a4\uc758 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc804\uc790 \ub9e4\uce6d \uae30\ubc95\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc8fc\ubaa9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \ud070 \ube5b\uc744 \ubc1c\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\uc8fc \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc4f0\uc774\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub410\ub2e4\uace0 \ub178\ubca8\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc804\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n[\uacfc\ud559\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uc124\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ubca8\uc0c1]\uc778\uac04\uc5d0 \uc774\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub9de\ucda4\ud615 \ub2e8\ubc31\uc9c8 \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub2e4<\/h5>\n
![](\"https:\/\/imgnews.pstatic.net\/image\/584\/2018\/10\/04\/0000001876_001_20181004193117489.JPG?type=w647\")
<\/span><\/p>\n\ud6a8\uc18c\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc801 \uc9c4\ud654 \uad00\ub828 \ub17c\ubb38 \uc138 \ud3b8<\/h5>\n
\ud30c\uc9c0 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774(phage display) \uc6d0\ub9ac(youtube)<\/h5>\n
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