{"id":1930,"date":"2018-09-30T11:51:44","date_gmt":"2018-09-30T02:51:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/163.180.4.222\/lab\/?p=1930"},"modified":"2019-10-15T17:28:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-15T08:28:46","slug":"%eb%b0%98%eb%8f%84%ec%b2%b4-%ec%9d%b4%ec%95%bc%ea%b8%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biochemistry.khu.ac.kr\/lab\/?p=1930","title":{"rendered":"\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30"},"content":{"rendered":"

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n-\ud615, p-\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \ubaa8\uc74c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/idlecomputer.tistory.com\/78<\/p>\n

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P\ud615 P-type\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\uc21c\uc218\ud55c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c(3\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c)\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uacf5(hole)\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

4\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c\uc778 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \ub2e8\uacb0\uc815(\uc21c\uc218 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc678\uac01 \uc804\uc790\uac00 3\uac1c\uc778 \ubd95\uc18c(B) \ub4f1 3\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\ub85c \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uba74 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc6d0\uc790\uc640 \ubaa8\ub450 \uacf5\uc720 \uacb0\ud569 \ud6c4, \uc804\uac00\uac00 \ube44\uc5b4\uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc, \uc989 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 3\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub294<\/p>\n

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N\ud615 N-type<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\uc21c\uc218\ud55c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\uc815 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c(5\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c)\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790(electron)\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ud0a8 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

4\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c\uc778 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \ub2e8\uacb0\uc815(\uc21c\uc218 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc678\uac01 \uc804\uc790\uac00 5\uac1c\uc778 \uc778(P), \ube44\uc18c(As) \ub4f1 5\uc871 \uc6d0\uc18c\ub97c \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\ub85c \ucca8\uac00\ud558\uba74 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc6d0\uc790\uc640 \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569 \ud6c4, \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub0a8\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc, \uc989 \uc789\uc5ec\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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PN \uc811\ud569 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ud68c\ub85c \uc18c\uc790\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

P\uc640 N\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \ubd99\ud799\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\uadf8\ub7fc \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uc790\ub294 \uc548\uc815\ud654\ub97c \uc6d0\ud558\uac00 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c N\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ub04c\uc5b4 \ub2f9\uaca8 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc815\uacf5\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc44\uc6cc \uc548\uc815\ud654\ub97c \uc774\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \ub098\uba74<\/p>\n

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\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ubc30\uce58 \ud558\uba74<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\uc911\uac04\uc5d0 N\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uc804\uc9c0\uc758 +\uc815\uacf5\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\uace0 P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uc804\uc9c0\uc758 -\uc804\uc790\uc640 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\uc804\uc758 \ubc30\uce58\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uc9c0\uc758 +\uc815\uacf5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc9c0\uc758-\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uac00\uc838 \uc624\uae30\uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294\u00a0N\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4,P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub41c\uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0\ud070 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc918\uc57c -\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\uc9c0\uc758 +\uc815\uacf5 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c\uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc544\uc8fc\ud070 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560\uc218\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\uc8fc\ud070 \uc804\uc555\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uadf8 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \ud56d\ubcf5\uc804\uc555\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub108\ubb34 \ucee4\uc11c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \ubabb\ud750\ub974\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uc5ed\ud65c\uc744 \ud56d\ubcf5 \ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694 .<\/p>\n

\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc815\ub958\uae30\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc751\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.amkor.co.kr\/archives\/566<\/p>\n

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\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30, PN \uc811\ud569\uacfc \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc<\/h5>\n

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\uc9c0\ub09c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 n\ud615\uacfc p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ubc34\ub4dc\uad6c\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\uace0, \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc640 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\uadf8\ub7fc \uc774 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c8\uae4c\uc694? \uc804\uae30\ub9cc \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uc544\ud30c \uc628\ub2e4\uace0\uc694? \uc9c0\uadf9\ud788 \uc815\uc0c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74, \uc804\uae30\ub294 \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc0c1\ud558\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\uc9c0\uc694. \uc774\ub7f4 \ub54c\ub294 \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud3b8\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc790,\u00a0\uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c<\/b>\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub824 \ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? \uc591\ucabd\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uaf49 \ucc2c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ubb3c\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6a9\uae30\uc758 \uc591 \ub05d\uc774 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uace0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uaf49 \ucc28 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n

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\uadf8\ub7fc \uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uc57d\uac04\ub9cc \ucc28 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694? \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\ub2c8 \ubb3c\uc774 \uc595\uc740 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac00\ub294\uad70\uc694. \ub124, \uadf8\ub9bc\uc5d0\uc11c\ucc98\ub7fc \ubb3c\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ubb3c\ub85c \uaf49 \ucc3c\ub358 \uc6a9\uae30\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \ube60\uc838\ub098\uac04 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a8\uae4c\uc694? \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\ub2c8 \uacf5\uae30\uac00 \ub192\uc740 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac00\ub294\uad70\uc694. \uadf8\ub807\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\uae30\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n

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\uc628\ub3c4\uac00 0K\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc758\u00a0\uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uaf49 \ucc28 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(\uc591\ucabd\uc774 \ub9c9\ud78c \uc6a9\uae30\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uaf49 \ucc28 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640 \uac19\uc73c\uba70, \ubb3c\uc740 \uc804\uc790\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \ub418\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)\u00a0\uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uba74\u00a0(\uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)\u00a0\ubc34\ub4dc\uac00 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub192\uc740 \ucabd\uc774 \u2018-\u2018\uc774\uace0 \ub0ae\uc740 \ucabd\uc774 \u2018+ \u2019\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uaf49 \ucc28 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ubc34\ub4dc\uac00 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5b4\uc838\ub3c4 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u2018\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \u2018\uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\uc628\ub3c4\uac00 0K\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc544\uc11c \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc815\uacf5(\uc804\uc790\uc758 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac)\uc774 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\uc694. \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc704\uc758 \u2018\uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc758 \ubb3c\u2019 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \uc57d\uac04\ub9cc \ucc28 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \u2018+ \u2019 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc774\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uc815\uacf5\uc740 \u2018\uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc758 \ubb3c\u2019 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \ube60\uc838\ub098\uac04 \uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc758 \ube48 \uacf5\uac04(\uacf5\uae30)\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \u2018\u2013\u2018 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc774\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc600\ub124\uc694, \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub978\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc27d\uc9c0\uc694?<\/p>\n

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\uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \uc124\uba85\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub294,\u00a0\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4<\/b>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub192\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 0K\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc744 \ub54c, \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\ub85c \ub6f0\uc5b4 \uc62c\ub77c\uac04 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc30d\uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub4e4\uc744\u00a0\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \u2018\uc6a9\uae30 \uc18d\uc758 \ubb3c\u2019 \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubb3c\uacfc \uacf5\uae30\uac00 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub418\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694. \uc774\ub4e4 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(\uc804\ub3c4\ub300\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc758 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4)<\/p>\n

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\uc774\uc81c\u00a0p\ud615\uacfc n\ud615\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud569\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc678\uac01\uc804\uc790\uac00 5\uac1c\ub77c\uc11c(5\uc871 \uc6d0\uc790) 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uace0, \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc5ec\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294\u00a0n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\uc640, \ucd5c\uc678\uac01\uc804\uc790\uac00 3\uac1c\ub77c\uc11c(3\uc871 \uc6d0\uc790) 4\uac1c\uc758 \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ud558\ub098 \ubaa8\uc790\ub780 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc778\u00a0p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 0K\uc77c \ub54c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ud575\uc5d0 \ubd99\ub4e4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc790(\ub610\ub294 \uc815\uacf5), \uc989 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc34\ub4dc \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c 5\uc871 \uc6d0\uc790(\ub610\ub294 3\uc871 \uc6d0\uc790)\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac2d \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub108 \ub808\ubca8(\ub610\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130 \ub808\ubca8)\uc744 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300(\ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300) \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc544\uc9c1 \uc774\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\uc628\ud654\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\ub85c \ub6f0\uc5b4 \uc62c\ub77c\uac04 \uc804\uc790\ub098 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \uc2e4\uc628(\ub300\ub7b5 298K)\uc774\uba74 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc6d0\uc790(\ub3c4\ub108 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc628\ud654\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc5ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub9ac\uac70\ub098(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4), \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc815\uacf5\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4). \uc5ec\ubd84\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc783\uc740 \ub3c4\ub108(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)\ub294 \uc591\uc774\uc628(\uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc783\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \ub760\uac8c \ub418\uc9c0\uc694)\uc73c\ub85c, \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc6d0\uc790\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc11c 4\uac1c\uc758 \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uac8c \ub41c \uc5b5\uc149\ud130(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)\ub294 \uc74c\uc774\uc628(\uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ud558\ub098 \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \ub760\uac8c \ub418\uc9c0\uc694)\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\u00a0\uc815\uacf5<\/b>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc62c\ub77c\uac00 \uc788\ub294 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294\u00a0\uc804\uc790<\/b>\uc774\uace0, \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294\u00a0\uc815\uacf5<\/b>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc740 \uc774\uc628(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc591\uc774\uc628, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc74c\uc774\uc628\uc774\uc9c0\uc694)\ub4e4\uc740 \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uc5ec \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub420 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694!\u00a0(\ub098\uc911\uc5d0 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \ub54c \ud63c\ub3d9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 n\ud615\uacfc p\ud615\uc758 \ub450 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \ubd99\uc774\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc77c\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c8\uae4c\uc694? \uc774\uac83\uc744 pn\uc811\ud569(P-N\uc811\ud569, PN\uc811\ud569)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba70, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2f5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 pn\uc811\ud569\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub514\ubc14\uc774\uc2a4\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc18c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc815\uc2e0 \ub611\ubc14\ub85c \ucc28\ub824\uc57c\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc815\uacf5\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc778\u00a0p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>(\ud770 \uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc815\uacf5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4)\uc640 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc778\u00a0n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>(\uac80\uc815 \uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc804\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4)\uac00 \ud55c \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9cc\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\ub098\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \uade0\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\uc628\ud654\ub41c \ub3c4\ub108 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130\ub3c4 \uade0\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac01\uac01\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc131\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc74c\uc774\uc628\uacfc \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uac19\uace0, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc591\uc774\uc628\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uac19\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc911\uc131\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4)\u00a0\uadf8\ub7ec\ub2e4\uac00 \ud55c \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub450 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub9cc\ub098\uba74 \uc811\ud569\uba74 \ubd80\uadfc\uc758 \uc815\uacf5(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uacfc \uc804\uc790(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ub04c\ub824 \uc624\ub2e4\uac00 \ub9cc\ub098\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694.\u00a0(\uc774\ub54c, \uc774\uc628\ud654\ub41c \ub3c4\ub108\ub098 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130\ub294 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uace0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc815\uacf5\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub9cc\ub098\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694? \uadf8\ub0e5 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(\uc815\uacf5\uc740 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\uba74 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ub0a8\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694)\u00a0\uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uba74 \uc7ac\ubbf8\uc788\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucc28\uadfc\ucc28\uadfc \uc774\ud574\ud574 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud569\uc2dc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc740 \ud63c\uc790\uc11c \uc800\uc808\ub85c \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uadf8 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc591\uc774\uc628\uacfc \uc74c\uc774\uc628\uc744 \uc0dd\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud588\uc9c0\uc694.\u00a0(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \ub3c4\ub108\ub97c \uc774\uc628\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uc138\uc694, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130\ub97c \uc774\uc628\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0\uc694)\u00a0\uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0\ub294\u00a0\uc74c\uc774\uc628(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)\uacfc \uc591\uc774\uc628(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4)<\/b>\ub9cc \ub0a8\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc811\ud569\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uac01 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc640 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c(\ub3c4\ub108 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130) \uc774\uc628\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc218\ub85c \uc788\uc5b4 \uc804\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc811\ud569\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc811\ud569\uba74 \ubd80\uadfc \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uba70 \uc18c\uba78\ud558\uc5ec, \uadf8 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\uc628\ub4e4\ub9cc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc911\uc131\uc774 \uae68\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uba78\ud55c \uc811\ud569\uba74 \ubd80\uadfc\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744\u00a0\uacf5\ud54d\uce35(depletion layer,<\/b>\u00a0\ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uace0, \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc911\uc131\uc774 \uae68\uc838\uc11c \uc804\ud558\ub97c \ub760\uac8c \ub418\ubbc0\ub85c\u00a0\uacf5\uac04\uc804\ud558\uc601\uc5ed(space charge layer)<\/b>\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uac01\uac01\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\ub824\uc640 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc18c\uba78\ud574\ubc84\ub9ac\uba74 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uac71\uc815\uc774 \uc548 \ub4dc\ub098\uc694? \uac71\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694. \ub2e4\ud589\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c\ub3c4 pn\uc811\ud569\uc744 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0dd\uc131\ub41c \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc774 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9c9\ub294 \uc7a5\uce58\ub2c8\uae4c\uc694. \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc18c\uba78(\uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uace0)\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc628(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc74c\uc774\uc628, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc591\uc774\uc628)\ub4e4\ub9cc \ub0a8\uc544\uc11c p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2018\u2013\u2018 \uc804\uae30\ub97c, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \u2018+ \u2019 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \ub760\uac8c \ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uacf5\ud54d\uce35 \ub0b4\uc5d0\u00a0\uc804\uc704(potential)<\/b>\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774 \uc804\uc704\ub294 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c9\uc544 \ud3c9\ud615\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \u2018\u2013\u2018 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc744 \ub9c9\uc9c0\uc694)\u00a0\ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc815\uacf5\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc804\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ub354 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \u2018+\u2019 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \uc811\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ubc00\uc5b4\ub0b4\uc9c0\uc694)\u00a0\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uacf5\ud54d\uce35 \ub0b4 \uc774\uc628\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uc804\uc704\ub85c \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354 \ub04c\ub824\uc62c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub97c\u00a0\uc811\ucd09\uc804\uc704(contact potential)<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba70 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 pn\uc811\ud569\uc77c \ub54c \uc811\ucd09\uc804\uc704\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub294 \ub300\ub7b5 0.6~0.7V \uc815\ub3c4 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\ub807\uac8c p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \ud55c \uba74\uc5d0 \uc811\ucd09\ud574 \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc790\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc778\u00a0\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc<\/b>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd95\ud558\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4! \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc790\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac00\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc704\uc758 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uc9c0 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uae30 \uc804\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc774 \ub2f4\uae34 \ub300\uc57c\uc758 \ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc789\ud06c\ub97c \ud55c \ubc29\uc6b8 \ub5a8\uc5b4\ub728\ub9ac\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420\uae4c\uc694? \uc789\ud06c\ub294 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc9c0\uc810\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc88\uc838\ub098\uac00 \uacb0\uad6d \ub300\uc57c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uade0\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc11e\uc774\uac8c \ub420 \ud14c\uc9c0\uc694. \uc774\uac83\uc744\u00a0\ud655\uc0b0<\/b>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub18d\ub3c4\uac00 \ub192\uc740 \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub0ae\uc740 \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uad6d \ub18d\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \uade0\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc11e\uc774\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7fc, \uc704\uc758 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a0\ud655\uc0b0 \ud604\uc0c1<\/b>\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc57c \ud560\uae4c\uc694? \uc989, \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\ub3c4 \ud655\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368\u00a0(\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub9ce\uc740 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368)\u00a0\uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud758\ub7ec\uc57c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744\uae4c\uc694? \uc815\ub2f5\uc740 \u201cNo!\u201d\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubb3c\ub860 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uac01 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc758 \ub18d\ub3c4 \ucc28\uc774\ub85c \ud655\uc0b0\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0\uc694. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74\uc11c \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub098\uace0 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd(\uc811\ucd09\uc804\uc704)\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud574 \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud655\uc0b0\uc744 \ub9c9\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub18d\u00a0\ucc28\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uac01 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \ud655\uc0b0\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uacfc \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc774 \ud3c9\ud615(\uc904\ub2e4\ub9ac\uae30\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ud798\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\uac00 \uac19\uc544\uc11c \uc774\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc800\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \u2018\ud3c9\ud615\uc0c1\ud0dc\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc9c0\uc694)\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\uc81c\u00a0\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0<\/b>\ub97c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uba3c\uc800, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2018+\u2019 \ub2e8\uc790\ub97c, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2018\u2013\u2018 \ub2e8\uc790\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc774\uac83\uc744\u00a0\uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4(forward bias)\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc900\ub2e4<\/b>\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc815\uacf5\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc2e0\uc774 \ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uaf3c\uc9dd \ubabb \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uac00 \uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74(\uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4) p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc815\uacf5\ub4e4\uc740 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \u2018\u2013\u2018 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub824\uc788\ub294 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\ub824\uac00\uace0 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \u2018+\u2019 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub824\uc788\ub294 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2ec\ub824\uac11\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uc815\uacf5\uc740 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4(n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc815\uacf5\uc740 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc0c1\uae30\ud558\uc138\uc694)\uac00 \ub418\uace0, \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uc804\uc790 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4(p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc815\uacf5\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub418\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694)\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc804\ub958\ub97c\u00a0\uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\ub958<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uacf5\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud569\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548\uc740 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d \uacf5\uae09\ub418\ub294 \uc148\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc704\uc758 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694. \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \ub354 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcf8\ub2e4\uba74, \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uc804\uc555\uc740 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ucee4\uc57c \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uc0c1\ub300\ud3b8 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac08 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc774\uc81c, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2018-\u2018 \ub2e8\uc790\ub97c, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2018+\u2019 \ub2e8\uc790\ub97c \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740\u00a0\uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4(reverse bias)\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc900\ub2e4<\/b>\uace0 \ud45c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \u2018+\u2019 \ub2e8\uc790 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\ub9ac\uace0, \uc815\uacf5\uc740 \u2018\u2013\u2018 \ub2e8\uc790 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \u2018+\u2019 \ub2e8\uc790\ub294 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0, \u2018-\u2018 \ub2e8\uc790\ub294 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ub294 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c, \uc815\uacf5\uc740 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub04c\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uc148\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc989, \uac01 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub354 \uba40\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uba40\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74, \uadf8 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c4\ub108 \ub610\ub294 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130\uc758 \uc774\uc628\ub9cc \ub0a8\uac8c \ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uacb0\uad6d \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc774 \ub354 \ucee4\uc9c0\uace0\u00a0(\uacf5\uac04\uc804\ud558\uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694)\u00a0\uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc740 \ub354 \ub192\uc544\uc9c0\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc989, \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub294 \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uc0c1\ub300\ud3b8 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac00\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ub2e4\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\ub958\ub294 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc801\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc790(\uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc740 \uc591\uc758 \uc815\uacf5(\uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\ub108\uc640 \uc5b5\uc149\ud130\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac83\ub4e4\uc778\ub370\u00a0(\uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0c1\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58 \ub0b4\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 \uc804\ub3c4\ub300\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00\uba74\uc11c \uac00\uc804\uc790\ub300\uc5d0 \uc815\uacf5\uc744 \ub0a8\uae34\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud558\uc138\uc694)\u00a0\uc0c1\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \uadf9\ud788 \uc801\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc790(\uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\ub294 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \ud750\ub974\uace0 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc815\uacf5 \uc5ed\uc2dc, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\ud569\uba74\uc744 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \ud750\ub974\ubbc0\ub85c \uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc804\ub958\ub97c\u00a0\uc5ed\ud3ec\ud654\uc804\ub958(reverse saturation current)<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc18c\uc218\uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \uadf9\ud788 \uc801\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5ed\ud3ec\ud654\uc804\ub958\ub294 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uace0, \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131<\/b>\uc740 \ubb3c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \uc27d\uaca0\ub124\uc694. \ubb3c\uc774 \ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud504 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud310\uc774 \uc7a5\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ud310\uc740 \uc55e \ub4a4\ub85c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud30c\uc774\ud504\uc758 \uc544\ub798\ucabd \ubcbd\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ud37c\uac00 \uc7a5\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud310\uc774 \ud55c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5f4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc18\ub300\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5f4\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c\ub294 \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud310\uc774 \uc7a1\uc544 \ub2f9\uaca8\uc838 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\uac00 \ub9c9\ud788\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc744 \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ud574\ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? \uc218\uc555\uc774 \uc67c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac78\ub9ac\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud310\uc774 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ud37c\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824\uc11c \ud30c\uc774\ud504\uac00 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub9c9\ud600 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7fc \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uc744 \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ud574 \ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? \ubc18\ub300 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74, \ud310\uc774 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c\u00a0(\uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc774 \ub298\uc5b4\ub0ac\uad70\uc694)\u00a0\ubb3c\uc774 \uc67c\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub978\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\uc555\uc774 \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc758 \ud798\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ucee4\uc57c \ud310\uc774 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uace0, \uc791\uc73c\uba74 \ud310\uc774 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc218\uc555\uc740 \uac78\uc5b4\uc900 \uc804\uc555\uc73c\ub85c, \uc218\uc555\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc740 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c, \ubb3c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \uc804\ub958\ub85c, \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc758 \ud798\uc744 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ub418\uaca0\ub124\uc694!<\/p>\n

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http:\/\/www.amkor.co.kr\/archives\/564<\/p>\n

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PNP\uc811\ud569\uacfc \ubc14\uc774\ud3f4\ub77c \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130(BJT)<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc9c0\ub09c \ubc88\uc5d0\u00a0p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\uc640\u00a0n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4<\/b>\ub97c \ud55c \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc811\ucd09\ud574\u00a0\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc(pn \uc811\ud569\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc)<\/b>\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uac01\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uae4c\ub2e4\ub85c\uc6e0\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uc790\uba74, p\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774, n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \u2013\uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 \ubc14\uc774\uc5b4\uc2a4\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uac01 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc640 \uc18c\uc218 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uc758 \uac70\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc9c0\ub09c \ubc88\uc5d0 \uc124\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c pn \uc811\ud569\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc758 \ub300\ub7b5\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc640 \uae30\ud638\ub294 \uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub9bc\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

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\u25b2 pn \uc811\ud569\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \ud55c \ubc1c \ub354 \ub098\uac00\uc11c, \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc 2\uac1c\ub97c \ubd99\uc5ec\u00a0pnp(\ub610\ub294 npn) \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130<\/b>\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ubcf4\ub824\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c \ubc88\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc774\ud574\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \uc815\ub3c5\ud574 \uc8fc\uc138\uc694. \uc774 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uaf2d \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2f5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

pnp \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \ub300\ub7b5\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc640 \uae30\ud638\ub294 \uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub9bc\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc811\ud569\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc774 3\uac1c \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc774\ubbf8\ud130, \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4,\u00a0<\/b>\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0\u00a0\uceec\ub809\ud130<\/b>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(\ud639\uc2dc \uc704\uc758 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc640 \uc544\ub798 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uac00 \ub611\uac19\uc774 \uc138 \uac1c\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud63c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \ub3c5\uc790\uac00 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub974\uaca0\ub124\uc694. \uc704\uc758 \ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc788\ub294 \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uc544\ub798\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc788\ub294 \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5c4\ubc00\ud788 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc790\uba74 \uc544\ub798\uc758 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c B-E\uc811\ud569\uba74\uacfc B-C\uc811\ud569\uba74\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\ub97c \ub2e8\uc21c\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uacf5\ud54d\uce35\uc744 \uadf8\ub824 \ub123\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub2c8 \ud63c\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9c8\uc138\uc694!)<\/p>\n

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\u25b2 pnp \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

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npn \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2dd\ub3c4\uc640 \uae30\ud638\ub294 \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ud638\ub97c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc758 \ud654\uc0b4\ud45c\uac00 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub974\uace0 \ub611\uac19\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 npn \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc790, \uadf8\ub7fc \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c\u00a0\uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294\uc9c0<\/b>\u00a0\uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? npn \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc640\u00a0pnp\u00a0\uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\ubc29\uc2dd\uc740\u00a0\ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c npn \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\ubc29\uc2dd\ub9cc \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 bias\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uace0\u00a0(\uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc758 n \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 p \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83)\u00a0\uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 bias\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74\u00a0(\uceec\ub809\ud130\uc758 n \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744, \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 p \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83)\u00a0\uc791\ub3d9\ud558\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc798 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0\uc694? \uadf8\ub7fc \ud558\ub098\uc529 \ub72f\uc5b4\uc11c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc21c\ubc29\ud5a5 bias\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc790(\uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uac00 \uc8fc\uc785\ub418\uace0 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uacf5(\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4)\uc774 \uc8fc\uc785\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc810\uc740, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc758 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c \ub3c4\ud551 \uc591\uc774 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc758 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c \ub3c4\ud551 \uc591\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc785\ub418\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc785\ub418\ub294 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc591\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc720\uc758\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc774 \ub9cc\ub098\uba74 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc591\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc544\uc11c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac00 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc774\ub8f9\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4ed\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub294, \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \uc7ac\uacb0\ud569 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd94\uc5b4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc218\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\uc544\uc11c \uac08 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\uc8fc\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc774\uc81c \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uac04\uc758 bias\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uac04\uc5d0 \uc5ed\ubc29\ud5a5 bias\ub97c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\uba74(\uceec\ub809\ud130\uc758 n \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744, \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 p \ucabd\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4) \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uc0b4\uc544\uc11c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud55c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\ub04c\ub824 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ubb34\uc0ac\ud788 \ud1b5\uacfc\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 pnp \uc811\ud569\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dc\uac01\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc88 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc758 \ub3c4\ud551\uc740 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ube7c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcf8\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc790 \ub18d\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud758\ub7ec\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uac00 \ub07c\uc5b4 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \ud3c9\uc0c1\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc744 \ub0ae\ucdb0\uc8fc\uba74 \ube44\ub85c\uc18c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uaca0\uad70\uc694. \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc774 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \ub354 \uc218\uc6d4\ud574\uc9c0\uaca0\ub124\uc694.<\/p>\n

\uc989, \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc591, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc758 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc870\uc808\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc601\uc5ed\uc758 \uc804\uc704\uc7a5\ubcbd\uc740 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc870\uc808\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc870\uc808\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370, \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub2e4\uc2dc \ub9d0\ud574, \u2018\ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub0ae\uc740 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \uac04\uc758 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2dc\uac01\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \u2018\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \uac04\uc758 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294\u00a0\uc804\ub958\uc99d\ud3ed<\/b>\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0(\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc785\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uba74 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \uac04\uc758 \ud070 \uc804\ub958 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ucd9c\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\uc694)\u00a0\uc774\uac83\uc744\u00a0\uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \ud65c\uc131\ubaa8\ub4dc<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 npn BJT\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\uc6d0\ub9ac\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc5ed\uc2dc, \uc804\uc790\ub098 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \ub208\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc798 \uc548 \ub418\uae30 \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\uc9c0\uc694. \ubb3c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc774\ud574\uac00 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc26c\uc6b8 \uac83 \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc544\ub798 \uadf8\ub9bc\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\ubd05\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ud30c\uc774\ud504\uc758 \uc785\uad6c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uceec\ub809\ud130, \ucd9c\uad6c \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc758 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0 \uac00\ub290\ub2e4\ub780 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\uac00 \uad00\ud1b5\ud574 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc785\uad6c \ucabd\uc740 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \ucd9c\uad6c \ucabd\uc740 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\uc640 \ub9de\ub2ff\uc544 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uceec\ub809\ud130 \ucabd\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb3c\uc774 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ud2c0\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubc38\ube0c\ub9cc \uc5f4\ub9ac\uba74 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub97c \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \ud3c9\uc0c1\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uc774 \ud758\ub7ec\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ubc38\ube0c\ub294 \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc774 \ub2ec\ub824\uc11c \uc77c\uc815 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud798\uc774 \uac00\ud574\uc838\uc57c \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub85d \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc544\ub798\uc758 \uc67c\ucabd \uadf8\ub9bc\uc744 \ubcfc\uae4c\uc694? \ud3c9\uc0c1\uc2dc \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790, \uc774\uc81c \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc5d0 \ubb3c\uc744 \uc57d\uac04\uc529 \ud758\ub824\ubcf4\ub0b4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc38\ube0c\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \uc2a4\ud504\ub9c1\uc744 \uc774\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \uc218\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uc790 \ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \uc57d\uac04 \uc5f4\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc21c\uac04, \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub974\uace0, \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubb3c\uc774 \ud750\ub974\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc758 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc744 \ub354 \ub298\ub9ac\uc790 \ubc38\ube0c\uac00 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uace0, \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub9ce\uc544\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\ub3c4 \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uaca0\uc9c0\uc694. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc801\uc5b4\uc11c\u00a0(\ud30c\uc774\ud504\uc758 \uc9c1\uacbd\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc791\uc544\uc11c)\u00a0\uc774\ubbf8\ud130 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ubb3c \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc628 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc815\ub9ac\ud574 \ubcf4\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uae09\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \uc801\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc591\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubc38\ube0c\uc758 \uc5f4\ub9ac\ub294 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0, \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uceec\ub809\ud130\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ud750\ub974\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc774 \uc870\uc808\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\ub85c \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \uceec\ub809\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ud758\ub7ec\uc628 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uacfc \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud758\ub7ec\uc628 \ubb3c\uc758 \uc591\uc758 \ud569\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 npn BJT\uc758 \uc791\ub3d9\uc6d0\ub9ac, \uc0ac\uc9c4 \ucd9c\ucc98 :\u00a0http:\/\/goo.gl\/7uhBem<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\ubc14\uc774\ud3f4\ub77c \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130(BJT)<\/b>\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4dc\ub294\u00a0\ud65c\uc131\ubaa8\ub4dc<\/b>\u00a0\uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4\u00a0\ucc28\ub2e8\ubaa8\ub4dc<\/b>\uc640\u00a0\ud3ec\ud654\ubaa8\ub4dc<\/b>\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub294 \uac01 \ub2e8\uc790\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uac78\uc5b4\uc8fc\ub290\ub0d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uacb0\uc815\uc774 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud65c\uc131\ubaa8\ub4dc\ub9cc \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc7a0\uae50! BJT\uc758 \ub73b\ub9cc \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uac00\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Bipolar<\/b>\u00a0(n\uacfc p \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uadf9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5 \ub450 \ub2e4\ub978 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc804\ub958 \ud750\ub984\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4)\u00a0Junction<\/b>\u00a0(pn\uc811\ud569\uacfc np\uc811\ud569 \ub450 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc811\ud569\uc774 \ud569\uccd0\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)\u00a0Transistor<\/b><\/p>\n

\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130<\/b>\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc640 \ub808\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \ud569\uc131\uc5b4\ub85c\uc368, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\ub294 \u2018\ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uace0, \ub808\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\ub294 \u2018\uc800\ud56d\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\ub294\u00a0\uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uac12\uc744 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc18c\uc790<\/b>\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc634\uc758 \ubc95\uce59(Ohm\u2019s law)<\/b>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294\u00a0\uc804\uc555=\uc800\ud56dX\uc804\ub958<\/b>\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc800\ud56d\uc758 \uac12\uc744 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \uac12\uc744 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uaca0\uad70\uc694. \uc989, \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8(\uc804\ub958\uc758 \uac12\uc744 \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4)\uc640 \ubaa9\uc801(\uc785\ub825\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub85c \ucd9c\ub825\uc804\ub958\ub97c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ub9d0\ub85c\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \uc785\ub825 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ud070 \ucd9c\ub825 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uc99d\ud3ed\uc744 \uc774\ub8ec\ub2e4)\uc774 \ub9de\uc544 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc148\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubc14\uc774\ud3f4\ub77c \uc811\ud569\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ud558\ub358\u00a03\uadf9 \uc9c4\uacf5\uad00<\/b>\uc744 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc9c0\uc694.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 3\uadf9 \uc9c4\uacf5\uad00\uc758 \uad6c\uc870, \uc0ac\uc9c4 \ucd9c\ucc98 :\u00a0http:\/\/goo.gl\/d2yFo3<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3\uadf9 \uc9c4\uacf5\uad00\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\ub294 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\u00a0\uc560\ub178\ub4dc(anode)<\/b>, \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac78\uc5b4\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\u00a0\uce90\uc18c\ub4dc(cathode)<\/b>, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294\u00a0\uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc(gride)<\/b>\uac00 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131\ud558\ub294\u00a0\ud544\ub77c\uba58\ud2b8(filament)<\/b>\uac00 \uce90\uc18c\ub4dc \ucabd\uc5d0 \ub354\ud574 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud544\ub77c\uba58\ud2b8 \uc804\uadf9\uc5d0 \uc804\uc6d0\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uba74 \ud145\uc2a4\ud150 \ud544\ub77c\uba58\ud2b8\uac00 \uac00\uc5f4\ub418\uc5b4 \uc5f4\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ud280\uc5b4\ub098\uc624\uace0, \uc560\ub178\ub4dc\uc640 \uce90\uc18c\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uc778\uac00\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uc804\uc790\ub294 \uce90\uc18c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc560\ub178\ub4dc \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc774\ub3d9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370, \uce90\uc18c\ub4dc\uc640 \uc560\ub178\ub4dc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \uc560\ub178\ub4dc \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f4\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub3d9\ud574 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc5d0 \uc74c\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc774 \uac78\ub9ac\uba74 \ubc18\ubc1c\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc5f4\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574 \uc560\ub178\ub4dc\ub85c\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc911\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uadf8\ub9ac\ub4dc\uc758 \uc804\uc555\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc560\ub178\ub4dc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uce90\uc18c\ub4dc\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984(\uce90\uc18c\ub4dc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc560\ub178\ub4dc\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ud750\ub984)\uc744 \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 3\uadf9 \uc9c4\uacf5\uad00\uc740 \uadf8 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 BJT\ub97c \ub2ee\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub2c8 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 BJT\uac00 3\uadf9 \uc9c4\uacf5\uad00\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2ee\ub3c4\ub85d \ubc1c\uba85\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \ub9de\ub294 \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0npn BJT\uc758 \ud68c\ub85c<\/b>\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uace0 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \uc99d\ud3ed\ub418\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\ubc88 \ud638\ub97c \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc67c\ucabd \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uac00 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \uc624\ub978\ucabd \uadf8\ub9bc\uc740 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uac00 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc804\ub958\uac00 \ud750\ub974\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \uc791\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc640 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ubd80\ud558\uc758 \uc77c\uc744 \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud070 \uc804\uc6d0(\uc0ac\uac01\ud615 \ubaa8\uc591\uc758 \uc804\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)\uc774 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uc758 \uc2a4\uc704\uce58 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc791\uc740 \uc804\uc6d0(\uc6d0\ud1b5\ud615 \uac74\uc804\uc9c0 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4)\uc774 \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uac00 \uc5f4\ub824 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uacc4\uc758 \ubc14\ub298\uc774 \ub458 \ub2e4 \u20180\u2019\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\ub124\uc694. \uc2a4\uc704\uce58\uac00 \ub2eb\ud600 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc640 \ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uacc4\uc758 \ubc14\ub298\uc774 \uc57d\uac04 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uba70, \uc774\ubbf8\ud130\uc640 \uceec\ub809\ud130 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\ub958\uacc4\uc758 \ubc14\ub298\uc740 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a9\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, BJT\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \uc804\ub958\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ud070 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\u00a0\uc804\ub958\uc99d\ud3ed<\/b>\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \u2018\uc791\uc740 \uc785\ub825\uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud070 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc751\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c\ub294 \uc791\uc740 \uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \ud070 \uc2e0\ud638\ub85c \uc99d\ud3ed\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u25b2 Npn BJT \ud68c\ub85c\u00a0\u24d2\ubc31\uc885\uc2dd<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 pn\uc811\ud569 \ub450 \uac1c\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \ubd99\uc5ec\uc11c pnp \ub610\ub294 npn\uc758 BJT\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uc791\ub3d9\uc6d0\ub9ac(\uc804\ub958\uc99d\ud3ed)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

‘\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4’\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub098\ubb34\uc704\ud0a4\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9 – 2018\ub144 9\uc6d4 30\uc77c \ud604\uc7ac<\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.<\/a>\u00a0\uac1c\uc694<\/h6>\n
\n

\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4<\/span><\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559<\/a>\uc758 \ub208\ubd80\uc2e0 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc774\ub048 \ud575\uc2ec \uc7ac\ub8cc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ub3c4\uccb4<\/a>\uc640\u00a0\ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4<\/a>\u00a0\uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \ub760\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub098, \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uc815\uc758\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760(Energy Band) \uc640 \uae08\uc9c0\ub300\uc5ed\ub610\ub294\u00a0\ub760\ud2c8<\/a>(Forbidden Zone\/Band Gap)\ub4f1 \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\ud0c4\uc18c<\/a>–\uaddc\uc18c<\/a>–\uc800\ub9c8\ub284<\/a><\/span>[1]<\/a>\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 14\uc871\uc758 \ubb3c\uc9c8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70,\u00a0Ga<\/a>As<\/a>\uc640 \uac19\uc774 13-15\uc871 \ub4f1 14\uc871\uc744 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub450 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \ud654\ud569\ubb3c\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubcf4\ud1b5 \uacbd\uc81c \uae30\uc5c5, \uc0b0\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \ud560 \ub54c\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc790(Semiconductor Device)\ub97c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd84\uc57c\ub294 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574\uc11c \uc804\uae30\ud68c\ub85c\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud6c4\uc220<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2.<\/a> \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub760 \uc774\ub860<\/h6>\n
\n

\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub760\ub780 \uc708\uc790\uad70 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc774\ub3d9\ubc94\uc704 \ub610\ub294\ubd84\uc790\uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uac78\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc900\uc704\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uacb9\uce58\uace0 \uc2f8\uc5ec \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559 \uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc758 \uc6d0\uc790 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e4\uc6d0\uc790\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub760 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294\u00a0\uc900\uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\ubaa8\ub378(Nearly Free Electron model)<\/strong>\uc774\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294\u00a0\ubc00\uc811 \uacb0\ud569 \ubaa8\ub378<\/strong>\uc774\ub2e4. \ub458\uc740 \uace0\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801\uc778(collective) \uac70\ub3d9\uc744 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub77c \ubcf8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \uac04\ub2e8\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ud130 \uc810\uc810 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc5ec \ubc1c\uc804\ud574 \uac00\ub294\ub370 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc774\ub860\ub3c4 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc900\uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790 \ubaa8\ub378\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc9dd \ub35c \uc790\uc720\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc804\uc790\ub85c \ubc14\uafc8\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ubc34\ub4dc\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc00\uc811 \uacb0\ud569 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \ucd5c\uc678\uacfd \uc804\uc790\ucc98\ub7fc \ubb36\uc5ec \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub5a0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc<\/span>[2]<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ub9ac\ud558\uba74 \uc900\uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc804\uc790\ub85c \ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uace0 \ubc00\uc811 \uacb0\ud569\uc740 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \ubb36\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \ub458 \uc0ac\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\ucbe4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub824 \uc2dc\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub458\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc30\uc6b4 \ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \ub450 \uac1c\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc30\uc6b0\uba74\uc11c \ub458\uc758 \uc5f0\uad00\uc131\uc744 \ucc3e\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uace0\ubbfc \ud560 \uc218 \ub3c4 \uc788\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud604\uc0c1\uc744 \uac70\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ud130 \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559 \uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\u00a0\ucc98\ub7fc<\/strong>\u00a0\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ud130 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74 \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uccab\uc9f8\uc778\u00a0\uc900\uc790\uc720\ubaa8\ub378<\/strong>\ub85c \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uc5d0 \uc544\uc8fc \uc57d\ud558\uace0 \uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud3ec\ud150\uc15c\uc744 \uc12d\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c4\uc785\ud558\uba74 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub294 \ub354\uc774\uc0c1 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ubd88\uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc591\uc790\uc5ed\ud559\uc758 \uc288\ub8b0\ub529\uac70 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc744 \uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc778 \ud3ec\ud150\uc15c\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \ud480\uc5b4\ub0b8 \ud574\ub85c \uad6c\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ucc98\uc74c \uc774\ub97c \uc720\ub3c4\ud55c \ube14\ub85c\ud750\ub294 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uad50\uc218\uc778 \ud558\uc774\uc820\ubca0\ub974\uadf8\ub85c \ubd80\ud130 \uace0\uccb4\ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559\uc774 \ud0dc\ub3d9\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc370\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4. \ube14\ub85c\ud750 \ubc29\uc815\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ub984\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubd99\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ud558\ub098\ub294\u00a0\ubc00\uc811 \uacb0\ud569 \ubaa8\ub378<\/strong>\ub85c\u00a0\ubd84\uc790\uc624\ube44\ud0c8 \uc774\ub860<\/strong>\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4. \ubb50 \uac70\uc758 \uac19\uc740 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \ud750\ub984\uc744 \ub530\ub978\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc790\uc624\ube44\ud0c8 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \ubd84\uc790\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uba87 \uac1c\uc758 \uc774\uc628\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc811\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubc00\uc811 \uacb0\ud569 \ubaa8\ub378\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\uc628\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc774 \ubc30\uc5f4\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \uc6d0\uc790\ud575\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc6b0\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uac15\ud558\uac8c \uc18d\ubc15\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 (\uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\uc778) \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790<\/a>\uc758 \ud30c\ub3d9\ud568\uc218\ub97c \uad6c\ud558\uba74 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc6b0\ubb3c\uc77c\ub54c\ub294 \ud2b9\uc815\u00a0\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0<\/a>\uac12\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6b0\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uac04\uc12d\ud574 \ud2b9\uc815 \uac12\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e0\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74, \uc6d0\uc790\uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uba40\uc5b4\uc11c \uc6d0\uc790\ub4e4\ub07c\ub9ac \uac04\uc12d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ub54c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc790 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc591\uc790\ud654\ub41c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc900\uc704\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc790\uac04\uc758 \uac04\uaca9\uc774 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc838\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \uac04\uc12d\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uac8c \ub418\uba74\u00a0\ud30c\uc6b8\ub9ac\uc758 \ubc30\ud0c0\uc6d0\ub9ac<\/a>\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc6d0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uac1c\uc218\ub9cc\ud07c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc900\uc704\uac00 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c\ub2e4. \uace0\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc6d0\uc790\uac04 \uac04\uc12d\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc624\ube44\ud0c8\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uac08\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0, \uac01 \uc6d0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubbf8\uc138\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc5f0\uc18d\uc601\uc5ed<\/span>[3]<\/a>\uc778\u00a0\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760(Energy band)<\/strong>\uc640 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294\uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ube48 \uacf5\uac04\uc778\u00a0\ub760\ud2c8<\/a>(band gap)<\/strong><\/span>[4]<\/a>\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ub0ae\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uace0\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc808\ub300\uc601\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc804\uc790<\/span>[5]<\/a>\uac00 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760\ub97c\u00a0\uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760(\uac00\uc804\uc790\ub760. valence band)<\/strong>, \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ucc44\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ube48 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760<\/span>[6]<\/a>\ub97c\u00a0\uc804\ub3c4\ub760(conduction band)<\/strong><\/span>[7]<\/a>\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

3.<\/a>\u00a0\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8<\/h6>\n
\n

\uace0\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc740 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc640 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub760 \ud2c8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \uc900\uc704\uac00 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub760\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub54c, \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc640 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uacb9\uccd0\uc838\uc11c \ub760\ud2c8\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uac74\ub108 \ub6f8\uc218 \uc788\uac70\ub098, \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\ub97c \uac00\ub4dd\ucc44\uc6b0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574\uc11c \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc758 \ube48 \uacf5\uac04\uc774 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc2e4\uc628 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \ub418\uba74 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uac8c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc774 \ucee4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc678\uacfd\uc804\uc790<\/a>\uacb0\ud569\uc774 \uc57d\ud558\uace0 \ub760\uc5d0 \uc5ec\uc720\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc544 \uc27d\uac8c \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc774\ub294\u00a0\uc54c\uce7c\ub9ac \uae08\uc18d<\/a>\uc774\ub098\u00a0\uc54c\uce7c\ub9ac \ud1a0\uae08\uc18d<\/a>, \ud639\uc740 \uc900\uc704 \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 \ube48\ud2c8\uc774 \ub9ce\uc544\uc11c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uae30 \uc26c\uc6b4\u00a0\uc804\uc774 \uae08\uc18d<\/a>\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \ubd80\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc640 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub760\ud2c8\uc774 \ud06c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0<\/span>[8]<\/a>\u00a0\uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc5d0 \uac00\ub4dd \ucc2c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uac74\ub108\ub6f0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uae30 \ud798\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc804\uae30 \uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc774 \uc791\uc544\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/span>[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc640 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub760\ud2c8\uc774 2eV\uc774\ud558\ub85c \uc791\uc544\uc11c\u00a0\uc8fc\ubcc0 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c\u00a0\uc5f4<\/a>\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uac74\ub108\ub6f8<\/strong>\uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub760 \uad6c\uc870\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc628\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc804\uae30\uc804\ub3c4\uc131\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \ud06c\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc628\uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc790\uba74, \uc2e4\uc628\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uac74\ub108\uc640 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub77c \uc5b4\ub290\uc815\ub3c4 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \ud1b5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \ub354 \ub192\uc5ec\uc8fc\uba74 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uac74\ub108 \ub6f0\uc5b4 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \ub0ae\ucdb0\uc8fc\uba74 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00\ub760\ub85c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \uc804\uae30\uac00 \uc798 \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc628\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc628\ub3c4 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc798 \ud1b5\ud558\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac12 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc628\ub3c4\uac00 \ub0ae\uc544\uc9c0\uba74 \uc804\uae30\uac00 \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/span>[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4(intrinsic semiconductor), \uc678\uc778\uc131 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4(extrinsic semiconductor)\ub85c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\uba70, \uc678\uc778\uc131 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \ub610\ub2e4\uc2dc N\ud615(Negative Type)\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4(Positive Type)\ub85c \ub098\ub25c\ub2e4. \uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 ‘\uc21c\ubb3c\uc9c8’\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4.\u00a0Si<\/a>, GaAs \ub4f1\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub85c \uc6d0\uc18c\uc758 \uc885\ub958\uc5d0\ub530\ub77c \uacf5\uc720 \ub610\ub294 \uc774\uc628\uacb0\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc804\ud558\ub97c \uc6b4\ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\ubc18\uc790\ub97c \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4(Carrier)\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uacf5\uc720\uacb0\ud569\uc774\ub098 \uc774\uc628\uc5d0 \uc18d\ubc15\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub358 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc5f4\uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc804\ub3c4\ub760 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub85c \ub4e4\ub728\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc804\uae30\ud37c\ud150\uc15c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc804\ud558\ub97c \uc6b4\ubc18\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370, \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub4e4\ub728\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uac70\uc758 \uaf49\ub4e4\uc5b4\ucc28\uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uae30\uc220\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ube48\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc785\uc790\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c \uae30\uc220\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub97c\u00a0\uc591\uacf5<\/a>(Hole)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc644\uc804\ud55c(perfect) \uc9c4\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub358 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uacb0\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc790\uc720\uc804\uc790\uac00 \ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \ube48 \uc790\ub9ac\uc778 \uc815\uacf5 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uac19\uc740 \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \uc0dd\uc131\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\uc790\uc640 \uc815\uacf5\uc758 \ub18d\ub3c4\uac00 \uac19\uc744 \uc218 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub18d\ub3c4\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \ucd1d\ubd84\ud3ec\ubc00\ub3c4(Population Density,\u00a0\ud398\ub974\ubbf8-\ub514\ub77d \ubd84\ud3ec<\/a>\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub2e4.)\ub97c \uc804\ub3c4\ub760 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\ubd84\ud558\uc5ec \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud55c \uc678\uc778\uc131\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub294 \uc8fc \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc591\uacf5\uc778 P\ud615(Positive type) \ud639\uc740 \uc8fc \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc804\uc790\uc778 N\ud615(Negative type) \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub85c \ub098\ub25c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \ubd88\uc21c\ubb3c\uc744 \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8(Dopant)\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba70, \uc8fc \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \uc591\uacf5\uc778\uc9c0, \uc804\uc790\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8\uc758 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ud2b9\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uac04\ub7b5\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uba74, \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8\uac00 \ubc14\ud0d5\ubb3c\uc9c8(Matrix)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00\uac00 \ub192\uc73c\uba74 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uace0 \ub0a8\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc804\ub3c4\ub760\ub85c \ub0b4\uc5b4\ub193\uc544 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \uc8fc \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub418\uace0, \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8\uac00 \ubc14\ud0d5\ubb3c\uc9c8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00\uac00 \ub0ae\uc73c\uba74 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uacb0\ud569\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\uc790\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uc790\uac00\ub760\uc758 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ud761\uc218\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \ub760\uc5d0 \uc591\uacf5\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8 \uc591\uacf5\uc774 \uc8fc \uce90\ub9ac\uc5b4\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uc704\ubd80\ud53c(1\uc138\uc81c\uacf1\uc13c\ud2f0\ubbf8\ud130)\ub2f9 \ubc14\ud0d5\ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc591\uc740 10^22~10^23\uac1c\uc758 \uc6d0\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8\uc758 \uc591\uc740 \ubcf4\ud1b5 10^16\uc815\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc218\ub9cc\uac1c \uc911 1\uac1c\uc758 \ub3c4\ud380\ud2b8 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ubc14\uafd4\ubc84\ub9ac\ub294 \uc148.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

4.<\/a>\u00a0\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc18c\uc790<\/h6>\n
\n

\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc758 \uc804\uae30\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc7a5\uce58.<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 N\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub97c \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec P-N\uc811\ud569\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc804\ub958\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc774 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ud750\ub974\uac8c \ud558\ub294 pn \uc811\ud569\ud615\u00a0\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc<\/a>\ub098 P-N-P, N-P-N\uc811\ud569\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc804\uae30\uc2e0\ud638\ub97c \uc99d\ud3ed\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\ud3f4\ub77c\u00a0\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130<\/a>(Bipolar Junction Transistor, BJT)\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc678\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uae08\uc18d\uc744 n\ud615 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7ac\ub8cc\ub85c \uac00\ubccd\uac8c \ub3c4\ud551\ud558\ub294 \uc1fc\ud2b8\ud0a4\u00a0\ub2e4\uc774\uc624\ub4dc<\/a>, \uae08\uc18d\uacfc \uc735\ud569\ud55c\u00a0CMOS<\/a>, \uadf8 \ud558\uc704\ubd80\ub958\uc778 FET\ub098 MOSFET \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \uc774\uc5d0 \uc5bd\ud78c \ubc1c\ub2ec\uacfc\uc815\uc774 \ud604\ub300 \uc815\ubcf4\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac \uc18c\uc790\ub85c\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac\u00a0DRAM<\/a>\uacfc\u00a0\ud50c\ub798\uc2dc \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac<\/a>\uac00 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \ubc1c\uc804 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc740,\ud604\uc7ac \ube44\ud718\ubc1c\uc131 RAM\uc778 MRAM(\uc790\uae30\uc800\ud56d\ub7a8)<\/span>[11]<\/a>\uacfc PRAM(\uc0c1\ubcc0\ud654\ub7a8)<\/span>[12]<\/a>\uc774 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc911\uc774\uba70, MRAM\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ubd84\uc57c\ub098 \ube14\ub799\ubc15\uc2a4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ucd5c\ucca8\ub2e8 \uc911\uc758 \ucd5c\ucca8\ub2e8\uc758 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

MRAM\uacfc PRAM\uc740 \uc18d\ub3c4\ub294 DRAM\uacfc \uac19\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc218\uba85\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ubb34\ud55c\ud558\ub2e4. \ub9d0\uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uad81\uadf9\uc758 \uc800\uc7a5\ub9e4\uccb4\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc77c \uac1c\uc778\uc6a9 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uc2dc\uc7a5<\/span>[13]<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c SSD\uac00 \ud558\ub4dc\ub514\uc2a4\ud06c\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubc00\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc2dc\uc810\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00\uc624\uba74 MRAM\uc774\ub098 PRAM\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc800\uc7a5\ub9e4\uccb4\uac00 \ub098\uc640 SSD\uc758 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc704\ud611\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc0bc\uc131\uc804\uc790<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 PRAM \uc591\uc0b0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 MRAM\uc740\u00a0\ub3c5\uc77c<\/a>\uc758 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc778 PTB\uc5d0\uc11c\u00a0\uc591\uc0b0<\/a>\u00a0\uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998<\/a>\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. FeRAM(\uac15\uc720\uc804\uccb4 \ub7a8)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc2dc\uc81c\ud488\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub193\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2c8 \uac1c\ub150(\uc774\ub860)\uacfc\ub294 \ub108\ubb34\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc92c\ub2e4. \uc989, \uc18d\ub3c4\ub3c4 \uc608\uc0c1\ud588\ub358 DRAM\ub9cc\ud07c \ub098\uc624\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc558\uace0 \uace0\uc6a9\ub7c9\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uace0\ub3c4\uc9d1\uc801\ud654\ub3c4 \uac70\uc758 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud574 \uc9c0\uae08\uc740 \uc2dc\ub9dd, \uc886\ub9dd \ud14c\ud06c\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc911. \ucc38\uace0\ub85c, \uc77c\ubcf8 \ud6c4\uc9c0\ucbd4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ucc0c\uc5b4\ucc0c \ud574\ubcf4\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uac15\uc9dc\ub97c \ub193\ub2e4\uac00 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc886\ub9dd.<\/p>\n

MRAM\uacfc PRAM\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ud0c0\uc785 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 2000\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ub0ac\uace0 \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uc18c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\ub3c4\ud654, \uc591\uc0b0\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc9c4\ud589\uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/span>[14]<\/a><\/span>[15]<\/a>\u00a0\uc989, \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc190\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098 \uae30\uc5c5 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\u318d\uac1c\ubc1c\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83. 2018\ub144 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 PRAM\uc740\u00a03D XPoint<\/a>\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c\u00a0\uc778\ud154<\/a>\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc0c1\uc6a9\ud654\uac00 \ub418\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc0ac\uc2e4, MRAM\uacfc PRAM\uc744 \ub300\uccb4\ud560 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub3c4 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc14\ub85c RRAM(\uc800\ud56d\uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac)\uc640 NRAM(\ub098\ub178\ub7a8)\uc774 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. MRAM\uc774 \ubc15\ub9c9\uc758 \uc2a4\ud540\ubc30\uc5f4\uc774 \ud3c9\ud589\/\ubc18\ud3c9\ud589\uc778\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc800\ud56d\uc774 \ubcc0\ud654\ub294 \uc2a4\ud540\ubc38\ube0c\ud604\uc0c1 \ud639\uc740 \uac70\ub300\uc790\uae30\uc800\ud56d(GMR)\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc18c\uc790\ub77c\uba74, RRAM\uc740 \uba64\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud130\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc804\uae30\ub97c \uc798 \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc (\ub192\uc740 \uc800\ud56d) , \uc720\uc804\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc804\ub3c4 path\ub97c \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ub0ae\ucd9c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub610, \uac1c\ub150\uc0c1 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub41c \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 RAM\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc00\ub9ac\ud398\ub4dc(Millipede) \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\uc640 \uacbd\uc8fc\ud2b8\ub799(Racetrack) \uba54\ubaa8\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uac00\uc7a5 \uba40\ub9ac\uc788\ub294 \uac00\uc2dc\uac70\ub9ac\ub0b4 \uae30\uc220\ub85c\ub294 Nano Magnets – \ubd84\uc790\ub2e8\uc704 \uc790\uae30\uc801 \uc815\ubcf4 \uc800\uc7a5\uae30\uc220\ub85c 2012\ub144 6\uc6d4, \ubd84\uc790\ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \uc790\uae30 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \ub2e8\uacc4\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc640\uc788\ub2e4.#<\/a>\u00a0\uc989, \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 SSD\uac1c\ub150\uc774 \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc800\uc7a5\ub9e4\uccb4\ub77c\ub294 \ucc29\uac01\uc744 \ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83.\u00a0\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uacf5\ud559\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \ub05d\uc774\uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uacc4\uc18d \uacf5\ubd80\ub97c…<\/del>\u00a0\ucc38\uace0\ub85c, \uce74\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc804\uae30\ubc0f\uc804\uc790\uacf5\ud559\uacfc \uba85 \ubaa8 \uad50\uc218\uac00 \uc218\uc5c5\uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc220\ud55c \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc6a9\ud654 \uc608\uce21 \uc5f0\ub3c4\ub97c \uac15\uc758\ud55c \ubc14 \uc788\ub294\ub370 MRAM\uc774\ub098 PRAM\uc740 2020\ub144\ub300 \ucd08\uc911\ubc18, RRAM\uc740 2020\ub144\ub300 \ud6c4\ubc18, \ubc00\ub9ac\ud398\ub4dc\ub294 2030\ub144\ub300, \ub808\uc774\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub799\uc740 2050\ub144\ub300, \ub098\ub178\uc800\uc7a5\uc7a5\ube44\ub294 2000\ub144\ub300 \uc911\ud6c4\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4. MRAM\uc5d0\uc11c RRAM\uac04\uc758 \uc0c1\uc6a9\ud654 \uc8fc\uae30\uac00 \uc57d\uac04 \uc9e7\uc740 \uac83\uc740, \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 RAM\uc758 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac1c\uc120\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc00\ub9ac\ud328\ub4dc \ubd80\ud130\ub294 \uae30\uc874\uc758 RAM\uacfc\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad6c\uc870\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ud604\ub300 \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc778 Si\ub294 \uc11d\uc601\uc758 \uc8fc\uc131\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c0\uac01\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 2\ub300 \uc6d0\uc18c \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\uba70 \uc554\uc11d\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc131\ubd84\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud604\ub300\ub97c\u00a0\ucca0\uae30\uc2dc\ub300<\/a>\uc5d0 \uc774\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc11d\uae30\uc2dc\ub300\ub77c\uace0\u00a0\uc81c3 \uc11d\uc2dc\ub300?<\/del><\/span>[16]<\/a>\u00a0\ub18d\ub2f4 \uc0bc\uc544 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ucc38\uace0\ub85c, \ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \ub3d9\ud5a5\uc744 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. CPU \uacf5\uc815 \ub2e8\uc704\uac00 \uc218\uc2ed \ub098\ub178\ubbf8\ud130 \ub2e8\uc704\ub85c \ub0b4\ub824\uac00\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 40nm \uc774\ud558<\/span>[17]<\/a>\uc758 \uc591\uc0b0\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uac15\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uacf5\ubc00\ub808 \uc815\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574 \ub0c8\ub2e4<\/span>[18]<\/a>. \ub610\ud55c \ud559\uacc4\ub294 IGZO\ud2b8\ub79c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ud130\uac00 \ucc28\uc138\ub300 \ub514\uc2a4\ud50c\ub808\uc774 \uad6c\ub3d9 \uc18c\uc790\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub418\uae30 \uc804 \uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ub178\uacb0\uc815 \uc2e4\ub9ac\ucf58<\/span>[19]<\/a>\uc744 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc2dc\uc81c\ud488\uc740 \uae30\uc874 \ub514\ubc14\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ub2e8\uc810\ub9cc \ubaa8\uc778 \uc601 \uc4f8\ubaa8 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

5.<\/a>\u00a0\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc0b0\uc5c5<\/h6>\n
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